THE HOLODOMOR

What did the famine of 1932-1933 demonstrate?

how bad collectivisation was

What do many people think satlin relayy wanted to do with the Holodomor

destroy the peasantry

What dud central policy of 1932 suggest?

the soviet government was not unaware of the strain placed on the peasantry and the dangers this entailed

What was legalised in May 1932?

the collective food market 9also ccalled the neo-NEP)

What was the collective food market?

once peasants handed over what they were compelled to, they were permitted to sell the rest st free market prices - became an important part of peasant income

What was the issue of the collective food market?

a constrained form of trade that was not matched bt any kind of legalising trading lcass (black markeyt remained operative) in addition, the reductions were made in the delivery quotas for each region

What delivery quotas were reduced (examples):

Ukraine’s was reduced by 14% in the summer of 1932, but this was insufficient to prevent disaster

What was the harvest of 1932 like?

poor and failed to meet the reduced quotas

How did teh regime react to the poor harvest of 1932?

confiscted seed grain (both for the livestock and the peasants)

What was the impact of the 1932 harvest and the governement’s response?

struck most fully in the Ukraine, the North Caucasus, the Volga region and Kazakhstan

Why are the satistics for the amount of people who died in the famine difficult to work out?

have to detract this from the amount of people who were deported or moved into forced labour

What is the estimated number of people who died?

5-7 million

What dies Robert Cinquest argue about the famine?

collectivisation was in part a war on the remaining nationislt elements, particulraly in the Ukraine, whilst there is little evidence for this it is true that relief to famine-struck areas, possibly to contain the lack of food and prevent the spread of discontent and to esnure an export of grain abroad

What did Stalin claim caused the famine?

a bad harvest and a drought in october 1931

how did the famine spread?

Spring 1932 was the famine in the Ukraine and over 1932-1933 famine spread to kazakhstan and parts of the northeren caucasus

What does holodomer mean?

death famine, was one of the largest genocides of the 20th century

What is notable of Ukraine’s geohraphical position?

has a european border - more european than other countries

What did Ukraine do when faced with collectivisation?

hundreds rioted, an army of secret police was sent in

How many members of the party were sent to the Ukraine?

112,000

How were schools adapted in Ukraine?

russified, dictionaires removed or changed

What happened to Ukrainan politicans?

many disappeared or were forved to commit suicide

What passport laws were introduced in ukraine?

can’t enter cities, leave Ukraine or get food in

What was the rate of death in the Ukraine in June 1933?

28,000 a day

When was the first scholarly book on the Holodomor published?

1986

What was the penalty for those caught stealing

death penalty (shot)

Who were brought in to replace the dying Ukranians?

the Russians

What ttile were children given as they were forced to honour Stalin?

little Satlinists