Allopatric/Sympatric Speciation and Adaptive Radiation

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, definitions, and processes related to allopatric and sympatric speciation, as well as adaptive radiation, based on the lecture notes.

Allopatric Speciation

A form of speciation that occurs when a population is geographically separated into subgroups, leading to genetic divergence.

Sympatric Speciation

A form of speciation that happens when two populations in the same geographic area undergo reproductive isolation, leading to speciation without physical barriers.

Vicariance

A process in allopatric speciation where a barrier forms that separates populations, leading to genetic divergence.

Adaptive Radiation

The rapid diversification of a lineage into a variety of forms that adapt to different ecological niches.

Genetic Isolation

A condition where gene flow between populations is prevented, often leading to speciation.

Co-speciation

The process where two interacting species, such as a host and a parasite, speciate simultaneously due to their evolutionary interdependence.

Polyploidy

A heritable condition where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, often leading to speciation.

Divergence

The accumulation of genetic differences between populations, which can lead to speciation.

Dispersal-Derived Speciation

A mode of allopatric speciation that occurs when a small group from a larger population migrates to a new area and becomes isolated.

Reproductive Isolation

A biological barrier that prevents species from mating and producing fertile offspring, facilitating speciation.