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Ch. 8: Creating the Constitution
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US History
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47 Terms
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Dispute
A strong disagreement
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Township
A division of land 6 sq. miles under the Land Ordinance of 1785
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Northwest Territory
Region of U.S. bounded by the Ohio & Mississippi rivers and Great Lakes
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Northwest Ordinance
A law determining how new lands would be organized for government.
This also helped stop the spread of slavery in the West
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Constitutional Convention
A meeting held in Philadelphia in 1787 at which delegates from the states wrote the U.S. Constitution
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Committed
To agree or pledge to support someone or something
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Enlightenment
“Age of Reason” in 17th & 18th century
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Liberal
Supporting ideas of freedom, change, and progress
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Republic
A country governed by elected representatives.
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Constitution
A written plan that provides the basic framework of a government
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Framework
A basic set of ideas used to develop a larger plan
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Contradiction
A difference between two statements or situations that means they cannot both be true​
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Three-Fifths Compromise
Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining a state’s population for representation in the House of Representatives
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Ratify
To formally approve a plan
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Federalist
Supporter of the constitution
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The Federalist Papers
A series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay in support of the ratification of the Constitution by the states​
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Amend
To change
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What was Congress’ biggest fear about a strong national government?
Rights for which people fought would be lost
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What was another name for the “Articles of Confederation?”
“A firm league of friendship”
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What was a weakness of the Articles of Confederation that limited Congress?
Congress could not impose taxes
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What land was affected by the Land Ordinance of 1785?
Land bound by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and the Great Lakes
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How many people were needed in order for a state to apply for statehood?
60,000
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What was the long term effect of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
Territories eventually became states
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What is one of the main reasons Shays’ rebellion occurred?
Massachusetts taxes were unfairly high & farmers could not pay
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Why was Shays’s Rebellion an important event?
It was a major cause for the Constitutional Convention
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Where was the Constitutional Convention held?
Philadelphia
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When did the Constitutional Convention take place?
Summer 1787
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Who was the president of the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
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How many states were represented at the Constitutional Convention?
12
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Who did not attend the Constitutional Convention in fear that a strong national government would endanger the rights of others?
Sam Adams, Patrick Henry & John Hancock
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Why is James Madison known as the “Father of the Constitution”?
He was well prepared to lead the discussion at the convention
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What was the original purpose of the convention in May 1787?
To revise the Articles of Confederation
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What did the Virginia Plan propose?
Two houses of Congress with representation based on state population
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What types of states supported the New Jersey Plan?
Small states
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Why did small states feel that they would have more voice in Congress under the New Jersey Plan?
There would be one house with representation being equal for all states
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What was a feature of both the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?
A national government with three branches
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What did the Great Compromise decide?
Representation in Congress
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In which house is the number of members affected by state population?
House of Representatives
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Where did most of the slaves live at the time of the Constituional Converntion?
The South
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Which group casts votes to elect the President?
Electoral College
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How does the Electoral College operate today?
People choose their states’ electors when they vote in Presidential elections
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If the electoral college fails to elect a president, which group makes the final decision on the president?
House of Representatives
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How many states had to approve the Constitution before it went into effect?
9
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What is a federal system of government?
Power is shared by the national and state governments
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What were TWO concerns of the Anti-Federalists (opponents of the Constitution)?
-No list of people’s rights in the Constitution
-Giving up state powers to form a stronger Union (national government)
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After reading this chapter, what was the greatest challenge for the delegates of the Constitutional Convention?
How to balance the interests of large and small states
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Don't forget:
Review:
Graphs from 8.4 & 8.6
Our class Constitutional Convention- candlelight, secrecy, delegates in attendance, had extensive political experience, etc.