CSDS 114 - MIDTERM REVIEW

Disorder

the broadest term - general abnormality in mental, physical, or psychological functioning

Impairment

 - indicates disorder creates a barrier

Disability

- more specific - associated with a loss of physical functioning or a challenge in learning and social adjustment - interferes with typical growth an development

Handicap

• is a limitation imposed on the individual by the demands in the environment and is related to the individuals ability to adapt or adjust to those demands. Literal meaning "cap in hand"

• Not used as much anymore

Exceptional

- comprehensive label - individual whose physical, intellectual, or behavioral performance differs sustainability from what is typical

Twice-Exceptional

• - a disability and an area of giftedness

  • Can be strong in one area but have challenges in other areas

Why do we use labels

• Many social services and educational programs for people who are exceptional require the use of labels to distinguish who is eligible for services and who is not

  • is based on challenges of students

  • considered a gateway for support

What are the approaches to describing people with differences?

• developmental approach

• cultural approach

• self-labeling

What are some of the 20th century contradictions?

• Treatment and education opportunities increasing

  • Government started to provide services - ADA 1990

  • School offered special classes

• Society view more negative and accusatory

  • Parents - blamed - seen as unfit

  • Marriage and sterilization - blue laws

  • Evolved into social isolation - communicate conditions

  • Institutionalized

Why did parent groups form?

• By 1950's in U.S. more than one million in mental hospitals and institutions

• Societal apathy and discrimination toward people with disabilities

• Parent advocacy groups formed

What were some of the parent groups that formed?

• United Cerebral Palsy - formed 1949

• National Association for Retarded Children (NARC) - 1950

• National Society for Autistic Children - 1961

• National Society for Children with Learning Disabilities - 1964

Brown VS. Topeka Kansas Board of Education

• separate but not equal

  • 1954

  • 1956 - NARC - call to action

  • 1961 - boost to acknowledge

    • Kennedy the 1st president to make committee, and took a step to assist those with disabilities in education

PARC VS. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971)

1971

Children denied right to free and appropriate public education (FAPE) on the basis of intellectual disability

Mills VS. District of Columbia Board of Education

1971

All children with disabilities, in addition to children with intellectual disabilities

Public law 94-142, Vocational Rehabilitation Act, Section 504

(1973

Individuals with disabilities cannot be excluded from participation in, denied benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any benefit or activity receiving federal financial assistance.

• 504 plan

• gov provides funds from school - why this is important

Education of the handicapped Act

• Public Law 94-142 (1975)

• Free and appropriate education (FAPE) for all children

  • Parent involvement

  • Muli-disciplinary and nondiscriminatory testing

  • Education in the least restrictive environment  

  • Development of individualized education plan for each child

 

• Set stage for passage of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) (1990)

 individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)

 a law that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education and related services to those children

• governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services

• Infants and toddlers receive early intervention services under IDEA Part C. Children and youth ages 3-21 receive special education and related services under IDEA Part B.

What is the ADA Definition of disability?

• Having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits him or her in some major life activity, and having experienced discrimination resulting from this physical or mental impairment

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

• 1990

• Mandate to end discrimination against people with disabilities in

  • Private sector employment

  • All public services

  • Public accommodations

  • Transportation

  • Telecommunications

What is the intent of the ADA?

• Intent of the ADA is to create a "fair and level playing field" for all eligible persons with disabilities. 

  • To do so the law specifies that reasonable accommodations need to be made that take into account each person's need resulting from his or her disabilities

  • Reasonable accommodations - effectiveness

 

ADA Amendments Acts

• 2008

• Expands to include "perceived" disability

• Previously, had to prove that I limited major life activity

• Now, that the EMPLOYER perceived it as an impairment

What are the provisions of the ADA?

• Employment

• Transportation

• Public accommodation - like the restroom

• Government

• Telecommunications

Developmental approach

• Looks at what is average for a group of people (typical)

  • What do we expect each age group to do? Use of state standards

Cultural Approach

• What society values for that culture

  • In some society's it's important to be a good hunter, fisher, and maybe less important to be intellectual

Self-Labeling

• Individuals to choose how they would like to identify themselves

What does the ADA stand for?

The American Disabilities Act

What does FAPE stand for?

free and appropriate public education

What were the historical views on disability?

• People perceived as difference faced

  • Infanticide - strongest will survive

  • Slavery

  • Physical abuse

  • Abandonment