Intelligence and Language Development Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts discussed in the lecture on intelligence, language development, and related theories.

What is mental imagery in the context of cognition?

Mental imagery is the mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information, including organizing, understanding, and communicating information.

What is a prototype?

A prototype is a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of that concept, developed according to a person's exposure to objects in that category.

Define formal concepts.

Formal concepts are concepts that are defined by specific rules or features.

What is trial and error in problem solving?

Trial and error is a problem-solving method where one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found.

What is confirmation bias?

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for and use information that supports rather than refutes one's ideas.

Describe the representativeness heuristic.

The representativeness heuristic is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or stereotypes rather than available base rate information.

What is creativity?

Creativity is the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.

Define convergent thinking.

Convergent thinking is when a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer.

What is emotional intelligence?

Emotional intelligence is the awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions, as well as the ability to feel what others feel and to be socially skilled.

What does 'g factor' refer to in Spearman's theory of intelligence?

The 'g factor' refers to the ability to reason and solve problems; it represents general intelligence.

What are Binet's Mental Ability Tests designed for?

Binet's Mental Ability Tests were designed to distinguish fast and slow learners in children.

What is the Wechsler Intelligence Test known for?

The Wechsler Intelligence Test is known for yielding a verbal score and a performance score, as well as an overall score of intelligence.

What is the difference between mild and profound intellectual disability?

Mild intellectual disability is characterized by an IQ of 52-69 and enables individuals to learn practical life skills, while profound intellectual disability involves significant developmental delays and requires constant supervision.

What is the role of grammar in language development?

Grammar is the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.

What do Piaget and Vygotsky's theories suggest about the relationship between language and thought?

Piaget suggests that concepts precede and aid the development of language, while Vygotsky argues that language helps develop concepts and aids in controlling behavior.