HIV/AIDS Overview and Management

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and key concepts related to HIV and AIDS, including transmission, management, and nursing priorities.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a retrovirus that attacks CD4+ T lymphocytes.

CD4+ T lymphocytes

Helper T cells that are crucial for the immune system's function.

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the advanced stage of HIV infection.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Treatment that prevents the progression of HIV.

CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³

Criterion for diagnosing AIDS; indicates severe immune system damage.

Undetectable viral load = untransmittable (U=U)

If the viral load is undetectable, the virus cannot be transmitted.

Opportunistic infections

Infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems.

HIV transmission via blood

Occurs through sharing needles or needle stick injuries.

HIV transmission via sexual fluids

Transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)

Transmission of HIV through breast milk or during childbirth.

HIV is NOT transmitted by

Hugging, kissing, sharing utensils, toilet seats, or insect bites.

Acute HIV Infection

Initial stage post-exposure, often presenting as flu-like symptoms.

Clinical Latency

Stage of chronic HIV infection where the virus is still active but often asymptomatic.

AIDS Diagnosis Criteria

CD4 count <200 cells/mm³ or presence of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections.

FIGHT Mnemonic in HIV Management

F-Flu-like symptoms, G-Give Medications, T-Teach Safe Practices, I-Immunity Drops, H-High Risk for Infections.

Pneumocystis pneumonia

An opportunistic infection often seen in patients with AIDS.

Tuberculosis

A serious infectious disease that can affect those with compromised immune systems.

Effective adherence to ART

Requires more than 95% adherence for successful viral suppression.

Nutritional support for HIV patients

Ensures adequate protein and calorie intake to avoid wasting syndrome.

Psychosocial support for HIV patients

Addressing stigma, anxiety, and connecting to support networks.

High viral load

Indicates a high risk of HIV transmission.

Flu-like symptoms in acute HIV

May include fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.

Dangers of untreated HIV

Can lead to serious opportunistic infections and AIDS.

Role of hand hygiene

Critical in infection prevention for HIV/AIDS patients.

Live vaccines and CD4 count

Should be avoided if CD4 count is less than 200 cells/mm³.

Symptoms of AIDS

Includes severe fatigue, rapid weight loss, and neurological issues.

Importance of monitoring CD4 counts

To assess immune function and disease progression.

HIV transmission through breast milk

Can occur during breastfeeding unless preventive measures are taken.

Risk factors for HIV transmission

Include sharing needles, unprotected sex, and exposure to infected blood.

Standard precautions in healthcare

Protect healthcare workers and reduce risk of HIV transmission.

Window period testing for HIV

Period during which tests may yield false negatives.

Ten-year progression to AIDS

Can occur without treatment following HIV infection.

AIDS-defining malignancies

Certain cancers that signify progression to AIDS.

Vaccination importance

Keeping up-to-date with vaccinations to prevent further illness.

Education on safe practices

Important in reducing HIV transmission risk.

Role of case management resources

Providing comprehensive support for managing HIV/AIDS.

Psychological impact of HIV diagnosis

Often includes anxiety and fear of stigma.

Weight monitoring in HIV patients

Essential for preventing wasting and ensuring nutritional needs.

Symptoms mistaken for flu

Initial signs of acute HIV infection.

Risks of untreated HIV infections

Significantly increased risk for complications and death.

Regression of HIV infection

Can be prevented with ongoing treatment and support.

Complications of CD4 count <200

Increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Viral suppression importance

Prevents HIV transmission and disease progression.

Management of HIV during clinical latency

Focus on ongoing ART to reduce risk of transmission.

Education on HIV stigma

Necessary to alleviate fear and promote understanding.

Monitoring viral load

Essential for assessing treatment effectiveness.

Pill organizers for ART adherence

Useful tools for helping patients remember medication times.

Outcomes of successful ART

Reduced viral load leading to improved health and longevity.

Emotional support resources

Help individuals cope with their HIV diagnosis.

Infection control measures

Crucial for preventing the spread of HIV in healthcare settings.

Comprehensive HIV education

Empowers patients to manage their health effectively.

Interventions for opportunistic infections

Preventative measures in managing HIV.

Stigmatization of HIV patients

Needs to be addressed within healthcare and society.

Healthcare provider responsibilities

Include educating, treating, and supporting patients with HIV.

Lifestyle changes for HIV patients

Include safe practices and nutritional adjustments.

Identification of high-risk individuals

Important for targeted education and prevention strategies.

Physical health importance in HIV care

Maintaining overall well-being is critical.

Community support in HIV care

Aids in mental health and adherence to treatment.

Education about HIV testing

Promotes early diagnosis and better health outcomes.

Coping strategies for stress

Vital for patients dealing with an HIV diagnosis.

Gender considerations in HIV transmission

Understanding how different genders may be affected differently.

Innovative ART options

Enhance adherence and improve patient outcomes.

Understanding HIV viral dynamics

Guides treatment decisions and patient education.

Persistent symptoms in chronic HIV infection

May indicate the need for treatment adjustments.

Addressing serodiscordance in couples

Focus on preventing transmission during relationships.

Challenges faced by HIV patients

Including stigma, access to care, and psychological impacts.

Nursing assessments for HIV patients

Focus on comprehensive health and psychosocial evaluations.

Support networks for HIV education

Assist in community outreach and information dissemination.

Cultural sensitivity in HIV care

Tailoring education and support to diverse communities.

Substance use impact on HIV

Increases risks of transmission and complicates treatment.

Importance of regular follow-ups

For monitoring and adjusting treatment as necessary.

Identifying misconceptions about HIV transmission

Key to effective education.

Health disparities in HIV populations

Highlight the importance of tailored interventions.

Prevention strategies for at-risk populations

Essential for reducing new infections.

Utilization of technology in HIV management

Can enhance education and adherence.

Emerging research in HIV treatment

Offers hope for more effective therapies.

End-of-life care considerations in HIV

Addressing unique challenges faced by patients.

Quality of life for HIV patients

Focuses on comprehensive health and support.

Importance of community engagement

Increases awareness and resources for HIV prevention.

Educational workshops for families

Promote understanding and reduce stigma.

Government policies on HIV care

Impact access and quality of treatment services.

HIV/AIDS terminology review

Ensure clarity in patient education and communication.

Research on HIV vaccine development

Ongoing efforts aim to find an effective vaccine.