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metonymy
A figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience
Spondee
A metrical foot consisting of two syllables equally or almost equally accented (ex. true-blue)
Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet
A sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde
Free Verse
Nonmetrical poetry in which the basic rhythmic unit is the line, and in which pauses, line breaks, and formal patterns develop organically from the requirements of the individual poem rather than from established poetic forms
Allegory
a narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one
Apostrophe
A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as it it were alive and present and could reply
Masculine Rhyme
A rhyme in which the repeated accent vowel sound s in the final syllable of the words involved (ex. dance-pants, scald-recalled)
Paradox
A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements
Villanelle
A 19 fixed form consisting of 5 tercets rhymed aba and a concluding quatrain rhymed abaa, with lines 1 and 3 of the first tercet serving as a refrains in an alternating pattern through the line 15 and then repeated as lines 18 and 19
Synecdoche
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole
Ode
A lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject.
Sestet
(1) A six-line stanza (2) The last six lines of a sonnet structured on the Italian model
Scansion
The process of marking lines of poetry to show the type of feet, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern.
Terza Rima
An interlocking rhyme scheme with the pattern aba bcb cdc, etc.
Assonance
The repetition at close intervals of the vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words (hat-ran-amber, vein-made)
Ballad
A fairly sort narrative poem written in a songlike stanza form (Ballad of Birmingham)
Feminine Rhyme
A rhyme in which the repeated accented vowel is in either the second or third last syllable of the words involved (ceiling-appealing, hurrying-scurrying)
End Rhyme
rhymes that occur at the ends of lines
Trochee
A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable(bar-ter)
Elizabeth/Shakespearean Sonnet
A sonnet divided into two parts: Three quatrains and a concluding couplet.
Blank Verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Quatrain
A four line stanza
Alliteration
Repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (map-moon, kill-code, preach-approve)
Personification
A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes
Parody
A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.
Enjambment
The continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.
Lyric Poetry
A short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings
Elegy
A sad or mournful poem
Epigram
A witty saying expressing a single thought or observation
Oxymoron
a compact paradox in which two successive words seemingly contradict each other
Sestina
A poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern, and with all six words appearing in the closing three-line envoi.
Satire
A kind of literature that ridicules human folly or vice with the purpose of bringing about reform or of keeping others from falling into similar folly or vice
Anaphora
Repetition of an opening word of phrase in a series of lines
Consonance
The repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (book-plague-thicker)
Aubade
A poem about dawn; a morning love song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn
Dimeter
A metrical line containing two feet
Comic relief
A humorous scene or speech intended to lighten the mood
iamb
a metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable
Tetrameter
A metrical line containing four feet
Metaphysical poetry
The work of poets, particularly those of the seventeenth century, that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life
Parallel plot
A secondary story line that mimics and reinforces the main plot
Narrative poem
A poem that tells a story
Couplet
Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme
Euphony
A smooth, pleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds
Catharsis
A release of emotional tension
Hyperbole
Exaggeration
Octave
8 line stanza
Tercet
3 line stanza
Soliloquy
A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage
Refrain
A repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem written in stanzaic form
Allusion
A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history
Caesura
A speech pause occurring within a line
Internal Rhyme
A rhyme in which one or both of the rhyme words occur within the line
Didactic poetry
Poetry having as a primary purpose to teach or preach
Trimeter
A metrical line containing three feet
Note
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