biology - inheritance and pedigre lecture 9

These flashcards review key genetic concepts discussed in the lecture, aiding in exam preparation.

Cystic Fibrosis

A recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to thick mucus production affecting various body systems.

Huntington's Disease

An autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation leading to neurodegeneration, where individuals with the mutation exhibit symptoms.

Pedigree

A diagrammatic representation used to illustrate the inheritance patterns of traits across generations.

Dominant Allele

An allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Recessive Allele

An allele that expresses its phenotype only when both alleles are recessive.

Linkage

The tendency of genes located close together on a chromosome to be inherited together.

Mendelian Inheritance

The pattern of inheritance that follows the laws proposed by Gregor Mendel, including segregation and independent assortment.

Pleiotropy

A condition in which a single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Incomplete Dominance

A genetic pattern where the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of both homozygotes.

Codominance

A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

X-linked Traits

Traits associated with genes found on the X chromosome, often displaying different patterns of inheritance in males and females.

O Blood Type

Universal donor blood type, which lacks A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

AB Blood Type

Universal recipient blood type, which has both A and B antigens on red blood cells.

Meiotic Event

The process during which chromosomes segregate and assort independently, leading to gamete formation.