Cartões: Stoichiometry and Chemical Formulas | Quizlet

Molar Mass

Mass of one mole of a compound.

Molecular Mass

Mass of one molecule in amu.

Formula Mass

Mass of one formula unit in amu.

Empirical Formula

Simplest whole-number ratio of atoms.

Molecular Formula

Actual number of atoms in a compound.

Mass Percent Composition

Percentage of each element's mass in compound.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in reactions.

Limiting Reactant

Reactant that limits product formation.

Percent Yield

Actual yield divided by theoretical yield.

Diatomic Elements

Elements that exist as two-atom molecules.

Mole

6.022 x 10^23 particles.

Chemical Formula

Representation of a compound's composition.

Stoichiometry

Calculation of reactants and products in reactions.

Conversion Factor

Ratio used to convert between units.

Molar Mass of H2O

18.02 g/mol for water.

Molar Mass of NaCl

58.44 g/mol for sodium chloride.

Molar Mass of Ca(OH)2

74.09 g/mol for calcium hydroxide.

Molar Mass of C2H5OH

46.07 g/mol for ethanol.

Mole Ratio

Ratio of moles of reactants/products.

Chemical Equation

Symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.

Mass to Mole Conversion

Mass divided by molar mass.

Mole to Mass Conversion

Moles multiplied by molar mass.

Mole to Particle Conversion

Moles multiplied by Avogadro's number.

Particle to Mole Conversion

Particles divided by Avogadro's number.

Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

An ion consisting of one oxygen and one hydrogen.

Avogadro's Number

6.022 x 10^23, number of particles in a mole.

Molar Mass Calculation

Sum of atomic masses in a compound.

Percent Composition Calculation

Mass of part divided by total mass.

Empirical Formula Mass

Mass calculated from empirical formula.

Multiplying Factor (n)

Factor to convert empirical to molecular formula.

Combustion Analysis

Technique to determine empirical formulas using combustion.

Pseudoformula

Initial formula representation using moles.

Mass % Composition

Percentage of each element in a compound.

Reactants

Substances consumed in a chemical reaction.

Products

Substances formed in a chemical reaction.

Coefficients

Numbers indicating amounts of reactants/products.

Physical States Symbols

Indicate states: (s), (l), (g), (aq).

Balancing Equations

Adjusting coefficients to equalize atom numbers.

Whole Numbers

Coefficients must be smallest integers.

Combustion Products

CO2 and H2O produced from combustion.

Mass of Carbon

Derived from mass of CO2 produced.

Mass of Hydrogen

Derived from mass of H2O produced.

Mass of Oxygen

Calculated from total mass minus C and H.

Stoichiometric Calculations

Calculations based on balanced chemical equations.

Dimensional Analysis

Method to convert units using conversion factors.

Subscripts

Indicate number of atoms in a formula.

Chemical Change

Transformation resulting in new substances.

Color Change

Visual indicator of a chemical reaction.

Gas Evolution

Production of gas during a reaction.

Solid Precipitate

Solid formed from a solution during a reaction.

Excess Reactant

Reactant that remains after the reaction completes.

Stoichiometric Amount

Exact amount of reactants as per balanced equation.

Balanced Equation

Equation showing equal moles of reactants and products.

Mole-Mole Conversion

Ratio of moles of two substances in a reaction.

Mass to Mass Conversion

Calculating mass of one substance from another's mass.

Theoretical Yield

Maximum product formed from limiting reactant.

Molar Mass (MM)

Mass of one mole of a substance in grams.

Equivalence Statements

Statements relating moles and grams of substances.

Stoichiometric Mixture

Mixture with reactants in exact stoichiometric ratios.

Actual Yield

Amount of product actually obtained from a reaction.

Chemical Reaction

Process where reactants transform into products.

Conversion Steps

Process of changing from one unit to another.

Product Formation

Amount of product produced from reactants.

Limiting Reactant Determination

Identifying which reactant produces less product.

Grams of N2 Calculation

Determining mass of nitrogen produced from reaction.

Percent Yield Calculation

Formula: (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100.

Ammonia Production

Formation of NH3 from H2 and N2 in reactions.

Reaction Example

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) shows stoichiometry.

Conversion of Grams to Moles

Using molar mass to convert grams to moles.

CuO Reaction

Reaction involving copper(II) oxide and ammonia.

Stoichiometric Ratios

Proportions of reactants and products in reactions.