Week 2: Seeds of Global Civilization adn Settle Agriculture

What is the red?

Extensor tendon

What is the orange?

1st phalanx

What is the yellow?

2nd phalanx

What is the light green?

Wall

What is the dark green?

White Line

What is the light blue?

Sole

What is the dark blue?

Corium

What is the purple?

3rd phalanx

What is the Light Brown?

Deep flexor tendon

What is the Brown?

Dew claw

What is the Black?

Suspensory Ligaments

What is the grey?

Superficial flexor tendon

What is the pink?

Digital cushion

What is the red?

Normal

What is the orange?

Large outside claw and curled toe

What is the yellow?

Scissorclaw

What makes up the hoof?

Keratin

What body “organs” are in the hoof?

Blood vessels and nerves

What kind of hooves do cattle have?

Cloven hooves/cleft hoof (divided into two parts/two toes)

Rectal Temp of cattle (F)

100.4-102.5

Rectal Temp of cattle (C)

38-39

Heart Rate of Cattle

48-84 bpm

Respiratory rate of cattle

27-40bpm

Are Dictyocaulys viviparus an internal or external parasite?

Internal e

What are lung worms technical name?

Dictyocaulus Viviparus

Where are Dictyocaulus Viviparus found?

Bronchi

Symptoms of Dictyocaulus Viviparus

Coughing, eggs seen in mucosal discharge

What test do you perform for Dictyocaulus Viviparus?

Fecal Float Test

Are Rumen and Liver Flukes internal or external parasites?

Internal

What family do rumen flukes belong to?

Amphistomes (“Both Side”)

What is the name of liver flukes?

Fasciola Hepatica

What parasite causes obstruction of the bile ducts which leads to liver failure?

Liver Flukes

What is the first host of flukes?

Aquatic snails

Are coccidial-like parasites internal or external?

Internal

Causes an inflammation of the mucosal cells lining intestinal walls

Cryptospiridium

Which parasite is coccidial-like?

Cryptosporidium

Most common clinical sign is diarrhea

Cryptospiridium

This is a zoonotic disease?

Cryptospiridium

What test is used to test for coccidial-like parasites?

Fecal floats

This parasite has oocysts

Coccidial-like

A test to diagnose internal parasites using fecal matter from infected species

Fecal Floatation

Are horn flies internal or external parasites?

External

Scientific name of horn flies

Haematobia Irritans

Where are horn flies found on the cattle?

Horns, shoulders, back, sides

Cause irritation and annoyance

Horn flies

Found exclusively on cattle in North America

Horn Flies

Are no-see ums internal or external?

external

Tiny gnats

No-see ums

Developmental stages are primary aquatic, adults can be found around aquatic or semiaquatic breeding grounds

No-see ums

Are ticks internal or external?

External

What kind of tick is found on cattle (non-scientific name)?

Texas Cattle Fever Tick

What kind of tick is found on cattle (scientific name)?

Boophilus annulatus

Must report immediately if found in U.S

Texas Cattle Fever Tick

Causes irritation that leads to raw infection sites and anemia

Texas Cattle Fever Tick

Clinical Signs: Increased respiratory effort, droopy ears. poor appetite, coughing, abnormal nasal discharge

Bovine Respiratory Disease

Preventative measures: Vaccinate for Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Bovine Respiratory Disease

Treatment: Antibiotics (exceed, enrofloxacin, nuflor)

Bovine Respiratory Disease

Clinical Signs: Protruding of the left side abdomen, labored breathing, salivation or foaming, staggered gait

Bloat

Preventative measures: Bloat guard blocks, monitor cattle grazing pasture

Bloat

Treatment: If condition allows it, pass a stomach tube and feed into rumen or use bloat trocar (emergency cases)

Bloat

Clinical signs: Diarrhea, decreased nursing, depression

Calf Scours

Preventative care: Vaccinate against with Ultrabac 8

Calf Scours

Treatment: Administer oral antibiotics (sulfonamide or ceftiofur)

Calf Scours

Clinical signs: Excessive tearing, ocular discharge, inflammation of eye, cloudiness

Pink eye/ Foreign body

Preventative care: Manage fly control, check herd daily if tall grass pasture

Pink eye/foreign body

Treatment: Remove foreign body, administer nuflor

Pink eye/foreign body

Clinical sings: Limping, swelling of leg, not putting pressure on foot

Foot Rot

Preventative measures: Clean, dry environments

Foor Rot

Treatment: Clean the foot and administer antibiotics

Foot Rot

Clinical Signs: Animal separates herself from herd, fetal membrane or fetus protruding from vulva, prolonged straining by cow/vocalization

Dystocia

Preventive care: Selective breeding, monitoring calving dates

Dystocia

Treatment: Assist with calving if applicable, culling

Dystocia

What prolapse is this?

Rectal prolaspe

What prolapse is this?

Cervical/vaginal prolapse

What prolapse is this?

Uterine prolapse

Clinical signs: swollen/hardened udder, painful nursing, anorexia

Mastitis

Preventive care: Conduct a subclinical mastitis test

Mastitis

Treatment: Treat with antibiotics or amputate the udder

Mastitis

A qualitive test used to detect the presence of bacterial infection and stomatic cell count in a cows milk

California Mastitis Test (CMT)

A measure of the inflammation within a quarter and can e scored based on degree of gel formation

California Mastitis Test (CMT)

What color indicates positive on a California Mastitis Test?

Deep purple

What bacteria is the most common for Mastitis?

Staphylococcus aureus

Phenobarbital based solution administered intravenously to euthanize cattle

Barbiturates

Place firmly against skull and fire into brain (euthanasia)

Captive Bolt Gun

A puncture wound that serves major blood vessels causing blood to drain (most common place is base of neck- also called sticking) for euthanasia

Exsanguination