Chapter 27

functions of organs (kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra)

filters blood, maintain water balance, produce urine

urine flow to outsides

Collecting tubules (6) → collecting duct (7) → papillary duct (8) → minor calyx (9) → major calyx (10) → renal pelvis (11) → ureter (12) → urinary bladder (13) → urethra (14) → outside of your body.

blood supply to kidney

Aorta → Renal a. (1) → Segmental a. (2) → Interlobar a. (3) → Arcuate a. (4) → Interlobular a. (5) → Afferent arteriole (6) → Glomerulus (7) → Efferent arteriole (8) → Peritubular capillaries (9) → Venules (9) → Interlobular v. (10) → Arcuate v. (11) Interlobar v. (12) → Renal vein (13)  → Inferior vena cava.

cortical nephrons

the bulk of nephron resides in kidney cortex, accounts for about 85% of all nephrons

juxtamedullary nephrons

their renal corpuscle lies near corticomedullary junction, and their long nephron loop extends deep into the medulla. account for 15% of all nephrons

glomerular filtration

water and some dissolved solutes move out of glomerulus and into capsular space of renal corpuscle due to pressure

tubular reabsorption

substances in filtrate return to the blood

tubular secretion

solutes are actively transported out of blood and into tubular fluid

function of ureters

carries urine from kidney to blatter

histology of ureters

1. Mucosa (inner mucous membrane):

- Transitional Epithelium.

2. Muscularis:

- Two Layers of Smooth Muscle.

-  peristalsis -0 urine is propelled down to the bladder via smooth muscle

3. Fibrosa (outer connective tissue layer).

location of urinary bladder

males - lies between rectum and pubic symphysis

females - lies between pubic symphysis and uterus/vagina

histology of urinary bladder

1. Mucosa:

- Transitional Epithelium

2. Submucosa: 

- Connective tissue.

3. Muscularis: 

- detrusor muscle - contraction pushes urine 

into urethra.

4. Serosa - outside layer

urogential diaphragm

muscular sheet found between the pubic bones. supports the urinary bladder, penis, vagina, clitoris

location of urethra

bladder to external environement

histology of urethra

male : Transitional Epithelium → Stratified Columnar Epithelium → Stratified Squamous Epithelium.

female: Stratified Squamous Epithelium.