A&P II Module 9: The Urinary System

Proximal convoluted tubule is_______.

Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs

Glomerulus is ______.

Site of filtrate formation

Peritubular capillaries are________.

Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells

Collecting duct is___________.

Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule

True or False

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder,
and finally the ureter.

False

True or False

The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.

True

True or False

The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.

False

State the 4 organs of the urinary system and their functions.

1. Ureters-transport urine from kidneys to bladder

2. Urinary bladder-temporary storage reservoir for urine

3. Urethra-transports urine out of the body

4. Kidney-maintains body’s internal environment and forms urine

Whats the function of the Ureters?

Transport urine from kidneys to bladder

Whats the function of the Urinary Bladder?

Temporary storage reservoir for urine

Whats the function of the Urethra?

Transports urine out of the body

Whats the function of the Kidneys?

Maintains body’s internal environment and forms urine

State the vessel that feeds blood into and the vessel that sends blood out of the glomerulus.

Into-afferent arteriole
Out of-efferent arteriole

What vessel feeds blood into the Glomerulus?

Afferent Arteriole

What vessel sends blood out of the Glomerulus?

Efferent Arteriole

State the structures (in order) that urine flows through as it goes from the renal pyramid to the
ureter.

Renal pyramid→ Minor Calyx→ Major Calyx→ Renal Pelvis → Ureter

Which region of the nephron plays the biggest role in reabsorption?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Which region of the nephron plays the biggest role in secretion?

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Describe how the anatomy of the renal corpuscle structures allows for blood filtration.

Renal corpuscle = Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

If glucose is found in the urine, would this be concerning?

Yes, it’s an indicator of diabetes

If a large amount of proteins is found in the urine, would this be concerning?

Yes, it’s an indicator of glomerulus damage

State the 4 organs of the urinary system and their functions.,

Ureters → transport urine from kidneys to bladder;

Urinary bladder → temporary urine storage;

Urethra → transports urine out;

Kidneys → filter blood, produce urine

What are the 3 regions of the internal kidney?

Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis

State the vessel that feeds blood into and the vessel that sends blood out of the glomerulus

Into → afferent arteriole; Out of → efferent arteriole

Label A-E in the kidney image

"A → afferent arteriole; B → efferent arteriole; C → Bowman’s capsule; D → proximal convoluted tubule; E → Loop of Henle (nephron loop)"

What is the glomerulus composed of and what is its function?,"Capillaries with fenestrated epithelium (leaky) → allows glomerular filtration"

Where does the filtrate go after leaving the glomerulus?,"Bowman’s capsule → proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)"

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?,"Tubular reabsorption and secretion of solutes (Na+, Cl-, glucose)"

What parts of the nephron reabsorb water?,"PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, collecting ducts"

What parts of the nephron are under hormonal control for reabsorption?,"Distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct"

State the hormones involved in absorption regulation and their roles.,"ADH → inserts aquaporins, ↑water reabsorption; Aldosterone → ↑Na+ & water reabsorption, K+ loss; ANP → ↓blood Na+; PTH → ↑Ca2+ reabsorption in DCT"