Public Health Part 1

HEALTH definition of (WHO, 1995)

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Physical

ASPECTS OF HEALTH: Normal functioning of the body at all levels

(Carry and do the daily activities)

Emotional

ASPECTS OF HEALTH: In control of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Mental

ASPECTS OF HEALTH: All about how people think, feel, and behave; Related to emotional health;

Social

ASPECTS OF HEALTH: A sense of belongingness

Environmental

ASPECTS OF HEALTH: Fosters healthy and safe communities

Spiritual

ASPECTS OF HEALTH: To act and live in relation to our beliefs in God or religion

not static

The spectrum concept of health emphasizes that the health

of an individual is __

SPECTRUM OF HEALTH

It is a dynamic phenomenon and a process of continuous change, subject to frequent subtle variations

Neutral Point

no discernable illness or wellness

HEALTH DETERMINANTS (BY CDC/WHO)

Forces or elements that affects health, either positively or

negatively

Genes

Immune response

Lifestyle

Psychological factors

HEALTH DETERMINANTS: Internal

Toxins, Pathogens, Noise pollution, UV rays, Climate, Urban design, Trauma etc.

HEALTH DETERMINANTS: External

LIVING/NON-LIVING DISEASE AGENTS

Causative agents, microbes, pathogens

INHERENT/ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF MAN

Genetics, inborn genetic defects, immune system, lifestyle

(diet, drug use, alcohol use, unprotected sex, smoking), age

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Living condition, culture, religion, society, working condition, social environment (income & discrimination), access to health care

1.Build healthy public policy

2.Create a supportive environment for health

3.Strengthen community action

4.Develop personal skills

5.Reorient health services

MULTIPLE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AIMS TO

CHARLES-EDWARD AMORY WINSLOW (C.E.A. WINSLOW)

PUBLIC HEALTH DEFINED BY

"The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life,

and promoting health through the organized efforts and

informed choices of society, organizations, public and

private communities, and individuals."

CHARLES-EDWARD AMORY WINSLOW (C.E.A. WINSLOW)

The FATHER OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Preventing disease

Prolonging life

Promoting health and efficiency

PUBLIC HEALTH BY WINSLOW:

Science and art of:

PUBLIC HEALTH BY WINSLOW:

Through organized community effort; Ensure standard of living; Adequate maintenance of health; EVERY citizen to realize his birthright of health and longevity

community medicine/community health.

PUBLIC HEALTH also known as

PUBLIC HEALTH: For the sanitation of the environment

The control of communicable infections

The education of the individual in personal hygiene

The organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease

groups of people, rather than just an individual

MISSION OF PUBLIC HEALTH: Public health focuses on

social justice

At the core of public health lies the principle of__, providing people the right to be healthy and to live in conditions that will support their health.

THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

MISSION OF PUBLIC HEALTH: "Fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy." from

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

MISSION OF PUBLIC HEALTH: "Public health aims to provide maximum benefit for the largest number of people." from

Clinical care

Prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by medical and allied health professions;

health care

Clinical care also known as

there is a presence of a patient

the term "clinical" means

Cluster

Group of cases in a specific time and place that might

be more than expected

Determinant

Factor that contributes to the generation of a trait positively or negatively.

Health determinants:

factors affecting health, positively or negatively.

Disease

Failure of the body's defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb equilibrium; Opposite of health (a successful defense mechanism)

Endemic

Disease or condition present among a population at all times; Usually include neglected tropical diseases

Epidemic / Outbreak

Disease occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place.

larger geographic distribution of illness or health-related events.

Epidemic / Outbreak: Both terms are used interchangeable; however, epidemic usually refers to a

Epidemiology

Study of the distribution and determinants of health- related states among specified populations and the application of that study to the control of health problems

Etiology

Study or theory of the causes or origins of diseases; Where or how come these diseases happen

Health Outcome

Result of a medical condition that directly affects the length or quality of a person's life; Result of any intervention, e.g., recovery from a disease, death, or disability (reversible/irreversible).

Pandemic

A disease or condition that spreads across regions; worldwide

Pharmacoepidemiology

Study of the use and effects of drugs in large numbers of people using the same drug; e.g., studying the common medications taken by a certain population

Public Health Intervention

An organized effort to promote those specific behaviors and habits that can improve physical, mental, and emotional health; also refer to the treatment options provided by physicians

Rate

Number of cases occurring during a specific period; always dependent on the size of population during that period; E.g., mortality rate, morbidity rate

April 7, 1948

What date? WHO's Constitution came into force; World Health Day

Diseases, Nutrition and Environmental Sanitation

Top Priorities: Malaria, Women's and Children's Health, Venereal

1978

What year? eliminated Onchocerciasis, river blindness, a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm

Onchocerca volvulus.

parasitic worm that causes Onchocerciasis

severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness (irreversible)

Symptoms of Onchocerciasis include

1948

What year? WHO took over International Classification of Disease e.g., communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases

Dr. Jonas Salk

Polio vaccine discovered by

1952

What year? Polio vaccine by Dr. Jonas Salk

Christiaan Barnard

First heart transplant by South African Doctor,

1967

What year? First heart transplant by South African Doctor, Christiaan Barnard

1977

What year? Essential Medicines List (concept of essential drugs); Composed of medications that addresses the healthcare needs of a certain nation or country; this concept was thought of by the WHO.

Department of Health

The "Philippine National Drug Formulary" is developed and established by

Health for all

Objective of International conference on primary care in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan

1978

What year? International conference on primary care in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan (Objective: Health for all)

1979

What year? Eradication of smallpox

humans

Only reservoir of smallpox are

1983

What year? Institute Pasteur identifies HIV

1988

What year? Global polio eradication initiative

2003

What year? Tobacco control, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome first identified and controlled)

2004

What year? Global Strategy on diet, physical activity, and health

2009

What year? Swine flu (H1N1) epidemic

2014

What year? Ebola outbreak in West Africa

2016

What year? Zika virus outbreak in the Americas

2020

What year? Global outbreak of new corona virus (COVID 19)

1 Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed

2 Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation, and dissemination of valuable knowledge.

3 Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation.

4 Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options that will address the health problems and improve public health

5 Providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity

6 Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends

ROLES OF WHO IN PUBLIC HEALTH

No Poverty

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 1

Zero Hunger

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 2

Good Health and Well-Being

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 3

Quality Education

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 4

Gender and Equality

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 5

Clean Water and Sanitation

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 6

Affordable and Clean Energy

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 7

Decent work and Economic Growth

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 8

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 9

Reduced Inequalities

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 10

Sustainable Cities and Communities

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 11

Responsible Consumption and Production

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 12

Climate Action

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 13

Life Below Water

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 14

Life on Land

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 15

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 16

Partnerships for the goals

UNITED NATIONS GOALS: 17

Surveillance

Risk Factor Identification

Intervention Evaluation

Implementation

PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH

Risk Factor Identification

PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH: "What is the cause of the problem?"

Intervention Evaluation

PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH: "What intervention works to address the problem? / What works?"

Implementation

PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH: "How can we implement the intervention? Given the resources we have and what we know about the affected population, will this work?"

Public Health Surveillance

used to monitor a public health situation

Public Health Laboratories

support public health by performing tests to confirm disease diagnoses and by conducting research and training

Louis Pasteur

discovered public health laboratory.

Public Health Informatics

As we continue to move from the use of paper documents to electronic health records, this continues to increase in importance.

Public Health Informatics

deals with the methods for collecting, compiling, and presenting health information; enables the use electronic data effectively when

addressing a public health situation

Prevention Effectiveness

closely linked to public health policy

CORE FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH (description)

Prevent rather than treat a disease through surveillance of cases and promotion of health behaviors.

assessment, policy development, and assurance

The three core functions of public health are

Monitor health

Diagnose and investigate

Under assessment, core functions of public health are

development, Inform, educate, empower, mobilize community partnerships, develop policies

Under Policy development, core functions of public health are: