B2.2 Organelles and Compartmentalisation [SL]

define organelles

define organelles

discrete subunits in cells with specific functions

where are membrane bound organelles found?

eukaryotic cells

3 example of organelles with no membrane

1. 80s ribosomes

2. microtubules

3. microfilaments

6 examples of an organelles with a single membrane

1. Vesicle

2. Vacuole

3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

5. Golgi apparatus

6. Lysosome

3 examples of organelles that has a double membrane

1. Nucleus

2. Mitochondrion

3. Chloroplast

what is comparmentalization?

the organization of different functions in specific structures / areas in the cell that are separated by plasma membranes

what is the function of plasma membrane?

allows for the development of specialized cell structures with a distinct internal environment

where does transcription occur?

The nucleus

where does translation occur?

ribosomes in cytoplasm and RER

what process does the mRNA undergo before its read by the ribosomes?

post-transcriptional modification

where does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?

simultaneously in the cytoplasm

what is the advantages of membrane bound compartments?

enable organelles to have concentrations of metabolities and contain appropriate enzymes for their function