CSDS 172 - TPQ 2 - Brodmann areas and functions

Primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus or sensory strip)

• Brodmann 1,2,3   

Function: receives sensory feedback from joints and tendons in the body and is organized in the same manner as the motor strip

Location: immediately posterior to the central sulcus

• PARIETAL LOBE

Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus or motor strip)

• Brodmann 4           

Function: this area is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles on the contralateral sides of the body

Location: immediately anterior to the central sulcus

• FRONTAL LOBE

Premotor cortex

• Brodmann 6   

Function: programs and regulates complex and skilled motor movements (speech, hand, and finger movements and eye-hand coordination. DOES NOT program motor commands for speech

Located - anterior to the primary motor cortex

• FRONTAL LOBE

Primary visual receptor cortex

• Brodmann 17

Function: Primary visual area. spatial location in visual field, DOES NOT assign meaning to what is seen.

Location:

• OCCIPITAL LOBE

Lesion in this area - within one hemisphere causes blindness in the opposite visual field

visual association area(s)

• Brodmann 18,19

Function:  Participate in recognition and appreciation of visual stimuli. Integrates visual information, giving meaning to what is seen by relating the current stimulus to past experiences and knowledge. A lot of memory stored here.

Location - superior to the primary visual cortex

• OCCIPITAL LOBE

Lesion in this area - visual agnosia, alexia, and impaired visual memories and recognition of colors

Primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus)

• Brodmann 41, 42            

Function: primary auditory reception area, considered an association area, and involved in the detection and recognition of speech.

• The processing is done in area 42 of the cortex provides a more detailed analysis than that done in area 41

Location: Immediately inferior to area 41, also known as anterior transverse temporal gyrus

• TEMPORAL LOBE

Broca’s area (lower third frontal convolution)            

• Brodmann 44            

Function: involved in the coordination or programming of motor movements for the production of speech sounds. SPEECH PRODUCTION.

Location: inferior third frontal gyrus in hemisphere that is dominant

• FRONTAL LOBE

Lesion in this area - of the dominant hemisphere of language are associated with motor speech disorders.

Supramarginal gyrus

• Brodmann 40                 

Function: symbolic integration for writing

Location: inferior parietal lobule

• PARIETAL LOBE

Lesions in this area - in the inferior parietal lobule of the dominant hemisphere results in disorder of alexia (reading), agraphia (writing), and acalculia (calculation)

Angular gyrus

• Brodmann 39                        

Function: involved in the recognition of visual symbols and reading, knowing what symbols represent. reading comp, spelling, what do written words represent?

• fibers of hearing, vision, and meaning travel through this structure

Location: near the superior edge of the temporal lobe, immediately posterior to the supramarginal gyrus

• PARIETAL LOBE

Lesions in this area - associated with disorders of alexia (reading)

Prefrontal cortex

• Brodmann 9, 10, 11, 12                     

Function: contributes to complex cognitive function such as reasoning, abstract thinking, self-monitoring, decision making, planning, and pragmatic behaviors (may be called biological behaviors)

Location: remaining anterior portion of the frontal lobe rostral to the premotor cortex

• FRONTAL LOBE

Lesions in this area: associated with impulsive, uninhibited, apathetic, lazy, or confused behaviors; are unaware of social expectations; and cannot regulate their behavior

Olfactory area

• Brodmann 28 (medial surface),

Function: This area serves the sense of smell, links smell to memory/emotions,

Location: deep in the temporal lobe

• TEMPORAL LOBE

Lesions in this area - loss in smell (becoming safety issue)

Wernicke’s area (superior temporal gyrus)

• Brodmann 22        

Function: comprehension of oral language, processing meaning of words, analyzing speech sounds, interpreting complex sentences. ENSURES SPEECH MAKES SENSE

• The association area is concerned with the analysis and elaboration of speech sounds and verbal memory. It's considered to be functional ONLY in the dominant hemisphere

• typically found in the dom. hemisphere

Location: posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus

• TEMPORAL LOBE

Lesions in this area - associated with receptive or sensory aphasia

Sensory association cortex (superior parietal lobule)

• Brodmann 5,7  

Function: capable of more detailed discrimination and analysis than is the primary sensory area. Information is first processed in the primary sensory are and is then sent to the secondary sensory areas

Location: immediately posterior to the postcentral gyrus

• PARIETAL LOBE