Veterinary Pharmacology Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for Veterinary Pharmacology Lecture by Dr. Bagus, covering topics from the history of pharmacology to drug dosages and legal controls.

Pen Tsao

Earliest compilation of drugs, written by Emperor Shengnung in about 2,700 B.C.

Kahun Papyrus

Oldest record of Egyptian drugs

Ebers Papyrus

Compilation of diseases conditions and prescriptions

Ashurbanipal

Assembled the library of clay tablets in Sumeria

Hippocrates

“Father of Medicine” and greatest teacher of medicine

Vis medicatrix nature

Concept of the healing power of nature

Aristotle

Formed the scientific basis of medicine

Theophrastus

Systematically classifies medicinal plants

Carolus Linnaeus

Established the modern scientific method of naming plants or animals; Father of Taxonomy

Dioscorides

Compiled the 1st materia medica (old subject of pharmacology), study of plants, how it is extracted and its uses.

Galen

Deals with physiology and materia medica

Publius Vegetius

Compiled a treatise that included prescriptions for farm animals

Geber Ibn Hjar

Classified drugs and poisons

Valerius Cordus

Compiled the 1st pharmacopeia

William Harvey

Discovered the circulation of blood and indicated that drug were distributed to various parts of the body by this means

Christopher Wren

1630, make the 1st I.V. injection of drugs into a dog

Alexander Wood

1850, devised the 1st hypodermic needle and syringe

Theoprastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim

Introduced the clinical use of opium or laudanum; Also called himself Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus

Fredrich Serturner

Isolated the narcotic substance of opium and called it morphine after the Roman God of Dream, Morpheus

Edward Jenner

Discovered the vaccine against Small pox

Francois Magendie

Established the foundation for modern pharmacology (drug action, D-R relationship, drug disposition)

Williiam Withering

Observed the use of foxglove in the Tx of dropsy

Claude Bernard

Showed the active ingredient of foxglove (for anasarca edema), called digitalis

Rudolph Buchheim

“Father of Pharmacology” and established the 1st independent laboratory devoted exclusively to the study of pharmacology

John Abel

“Father of Pharmacology in U.S”

Paul Ehrlich

“Father of chemotherapy” and 1910, reported the synthesis of arsphenamine which in an anti- syphilitic drug, for STD & anti-trypanosomal drug, for blood parasite); 1st antibacterial drug processing specific for invading pathogens

Alexander Fleming

1928, isolated Penicillin

Gerhard Domagk

1935, isolated sulfonamides

Doisy and Butenandt

Isolated estrone/estrogen from female urine

Butenandt

Isolated aldosterone from male urine

Slotta

Discovered the steroid structure of progesterone

Kendall

Isolated Thyroxine

Harrington

Established the chemical structure of thyroxine

Banting & Best

1922, isolated and purify insulin

John Abel

Isolated adrenalin

Ignaz Semmelweis

discovered antiseptic effect of chlorine in the effect of chlorine in the form of chlorinated lime

Joseph Lister

Used antiseptic in the field of surgery, use carbolic lotion

Adolph von Baeyer

Synthesized barbituric acid

Felix Hoffman

Introduced the use of aspirin

Pharmacology

Experimental science dealing with the properties of drug and their effects on the living system

Pharmacognosy

Study of the sources of drugs

Pharmacodynamics

Study of the action and fate of drugs in the body

Pharmacotherapeutics/ Pharmacotherapy

Study of the use/s of drugs in the Tx of Ds

Toxicology

Study of the poisonous effect/s of drug in the body

Drug

Came from French word “drogue” which means HERB

Pharmacodynamics

Study of the response of an origin to action of drugs in the absence of a disease

Pharmacotherapy

Study of the use of drug in the Tx of disease

Therapy

Term describing Tx of disease in general and includes use of drug, surgery, radiation, behavioral modification and other modalities

Chemotherapy

Branch of pharmacology dealing with drugs that selectively inhibit or destroy specific agents of disease such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and other parasites

Pharmacodynamics

Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanic of action (MOA)

Pharmacokinetics

Mathematical description of temporal changes in concentration of drugs within the body

Clinical Pharmacology

Pertains to or founded in actual observation of Tx of patients, as distinguish from theoretical or experimental

Clinical Pharmacology

Study of drug in the animal patient. pertains to or founded in actual observation of Tx of patients, as distinguish from theoretical or experimental

Toxicology

Study of poison

Posology

Study of medicine dosage which varies with the species of animal, intended effect of drug and individual tolerance and or susceptibility

Dose of a drug

Amount necessary to elicit the drug therapeutic response in patients; quantity of medicine to be administered at 1 time

Dosage

Refers to determination and regulation of a dose

Metrology

Study of wt. and measures as applied to preparation and administration of drug

Pharmacy

Concern with collection, preparation, standardization, and dispensing of drug

Biopharmaceutics

Interaction between the drug and excipients, formulation and technique of preparation mixing

Materia medicine

Concern with pharmacy, posology, pharmacognosy and indication for Tx. use of drugs

Pharmacopeia

Book containing tables of drugs in includes statement of their prop., dose and standard of strength and purity

Pharmacogenetics

Branch of pharmacology involved in identifying genetic variation in identifying genetic variation leading to individual differences in drug responses refers to monogenetic (single gene)

Pharmacogenomics

On the other hand, refers to the entire spectrum of genes that are involved in determining a patients response to particular drug

Nutraceuticals

Nutritional products which allegedly therapeutic value in addition to their scientifically recognized nutritional content; Chemicals prepared in pharmaceutical way.

Pharmacovigilance

Process of monitoring drug risk and conveying ways to optimize benefit and minimize risks

Adverse Drug Experience ( ADE)

Any adverse event associated with the use of a new animals drug, whether or not considered to be drug-related, and whether or not the new animal drug was used in accordance with the approved labelling.

Dose of Drug

Amount of needed to produce an effects; amount given at 1 time

Dosage

Computation of the amount of drug

PPM

Parts per Million

Dose of Drug

Amount of needed to produce an effects

Legal Control of Drugs

Rules implemented by Philippine Government. For Drug Manufacturers: 1. License to operate (LTO) Agencies are: Ø Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) Ø Food and Drug Administration (FDA); 2. Product/s is/are applied for CPR - Certificate of Product Registration (CPR) 3. Manufacturing Site; 4. Packaging

GMP

Good Manufacturing Practice; Local

ISO

International Organization for Standardization; International

mandates the use of generic names for drugs and medicines in the Philippines. It aims to promote the use of generic drugs, ensure their adequate supply at a lower cost, and encourage their distribution through a rational system. The law also emphasizes the scientific basis for drug use and promotes drug safety

Generic Act of 1988

Extra Label Use of Drugs (ELUD)

Usage of drug, and know ELUD • Particular species of animal • Different or other route • Drug mixing • Compounding cocktail • Human drug

Pharmacognosy

Is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the source of drugs.

Enteral

Administration of drug through the Gastrointestinal Tract

Parenteral

Administration of drug in between the integument and GIT

Topical

Administration of drug on the skin and mucous membrane

Oral/per orem/per os (P.O)

Administration of drug into the mouth cavity

Sublingual

Administration of drug is underneath the tongue. For animals, the drug are injected underneath the tongue or the animal.

Gavage/ Intra-gastric/ intra-ruminal

Administration of drugs is directly to the stomach/rumen

Per rectum

Administration of drug is directly to the anus or rectum.

Intra-dermal (ID)

Into the Dermis

Subcutaneous/subcut/SC/sub Q/hypodermo- clysis

Into the Subcutaneous tissue

Intra - muscular / IM

Into the muscle tissue or into the heavy muscle portion of an animal

Intra - venous/IV/venoclysis

Into a vein

Intra – peritoneal / IP

Into the peritoneal cavity

Intra – pleural

Into the pleural cavity

Intra – thoracic / intra – cardiac

Into the thoracic cavity and punctuate the heart

Intra – mammary

Into the mammary gland

Intra – uterine

Into the uterus (directly)

Intra – articular

Into the articular joint / joint capsule

Intra – osseous

Into the bone marrow

Epidural

In between 2 adjustment vertebra; into the epidural space

Intrathecal

In between 2 adjustment vertebra; into the subarachnoid space

Cutaneous / percutaneous

On the skin or epidermis

Opthalmic / subconjunctival

On the eyes

Otic / auricular

On the ears