Patho exam 1 drugs

Penicillins

bactericidal

broad spectrum

inactivate aminoglycosides

renal damage

B-lactam antibiotics

contains beta lactum ring weakened by bacterial wall

beta-lactamase

Enzymes produced by bacteria

Break the beta-lactam ring andinactivate beta-lactam antibiotic

beta-lactamase inhibitors

Drugs that block the activity of the enzymebeta-lactamase

-sublactam (unasyn), Augmentin, Tazobactam (Zosyn)

Cephalosporins

Bactericidal, gram-negative

thrombophlebitis

avoid alcholol (Disulfiram-like reaction)

higher chance for beta lactamase resistance

Cefaclor

prototype cephalosporin

vancomycin

bactericidal

penicillin alternative

Red Man Syndrome

check peak trough levels

nephrotoxic

Carbapenems

bactericidal

pseudomembranous colitis

Ertapenem

prototype carbapenem

Fluoroquinolones

bacteriostatic

inhibit warfarin

tendon injury and phototoxicity

Ciprofloxacin

prototype fluoroquinolones

NOT for kids

Metronidazole

bacteriostatic

Steven Johnson Syndrome

dark urine

disulfram-like reaction

Aminoglycosides

inhibits protein synthesis

helpful if paired with penicillins or cephalosporins

Nephrotoxic

check peak trough levels

Tetracylines

inhibits protien synthesis

discolors teeth and supresses long bone development

not for children/pregnant women

Nephrotoxic AND hepatptoxic

Phototoxic

Macrolides: Erythromycin

inhibits protien synthesis

sudden cardiac death

lincosamides

prevent bacterial replication by interfering with protien synthesis

use cation with hepatic or renal impairment

Clindamycin

prototype lincosamide

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

inhibits foloc acid

work better together

phototoxicity

birth defects

Salicylates

Asprin- inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins and blocks effects of pyrogens

(NSAID)

Ibuprofen

prodotype NSAID

non-selective

anti-inflammatory

nephrotoxic

Celecoxib

COX-2 Inhibitor

Acetaminophen

NOT an NSAID

hepatotoxic

Prednisone

prototype glucocorticoid

immunosuppression, increased appetite,

take in morning

Avoid antacids and iron supplements:

etracyclines, fluoroquinolones

Disulfiram-like reactions:

cephalosporins, metronidazole

empty stomach

tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.

-In general, antibiotics are better absorbed on an empty stomach. There are no antibiotics that must be taken with food. They could be taken with food if not tolerated on an empty stomach resulting in diarrhea

hepatotoxicity

tetracyclines

Inhibit metabolism of warfarin

fluoroquinolones, SMZ/TMP

nhibits metabolism of theophylline

fluoroquinolones, macrolides

Nephrotoxicity

tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, SMZ/TMP, vancomycin (decreased renal function—decrease the dose)

Phototoxicity/sensitivity

tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

metronidazole, sulfonamides

Superinfections

PCN, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, broad spectrum

PCN/cephalosporins

inactivate aminoglycosides at high doses, decrease effectiveness of birth control, cross sensitivity

Cephalosporins

higher generations are resistant to beta lactamase, enter into spinal fluid; bleeding and thrombophlebitis

Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin

peak and trough levels, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Tetracycline adverse effect

discoloration of teeth, suppress long bone growth

Macrolides

sudden cardiac death

Fluoroquinolones

tendon rupture, central nervous system and mental status changes

Sulfonamides

bone marrow suppression, birth defects

Vancomycin

red man syndrome

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