Plant Taxonomy-- Test 2-- Vocab

Stamen

male reproductive part of a flower; produces pollen.

Contains: Anther and filament

Carpel

female reproductive part of a flower; contains ovary, style, and stigma.

Pedicel

stalk that attaches a single flower to the stem.

Receptacle

base of the flower where all parts attach.

FRUIT

MATURE OVARY (PART OF CARPEL

Radial/Regular/Actinomorphic

Flower with many lines of symmetry

Bilateral/Irregular/Zygomorphic

Flowers with only one to two lines of symmetry

Hypanthium

a cup-like structure where sepals, petals and stamens attach

Superior ovary

the ovary is above where sepals and petals attach

Inferior Ovary

the ovary is below where sepals and petals attach

Disk flowers

white structure is ovary; Note curled styles at top (ASTERACEAE)

Peduncle

stalk of entire inflorescence

Spike

flowers attached directly to the main stem without stalks.

Catkin

short spike of unisexual flowers with no petals. Catkins are either male or female.

Raceme

inflorescence with stalked flowers attached along a central stem.

Panicle

branched (compound) raceme

Umbel

flower stalks arise from one point

Solitary

only one flower on stalk (peduncle)

Head

sessile flowers attach at one place

Cyme

three
flowers, center is
most mature

Spadix

modified spike with unisexual fls; usually both male and female

Double spadix (Cattails only)

Drupe

berry like but has only 1 seed

berry

has more than 1 seed

Accessory fruit

a fruit with tissue that is not part of the ovary

pepo

Cucurbitaceae; inferior
ovary; often thick rind

Hesperidium

Rutaceae; citrus fruits: thick rind, sections,
juice glands

Pome

accessory fruit; EX Apple
Fleshy part is from hypanthium. Note that seeds are in a hard “core” (the ovary)

Achene

single seed;
Thin pericarp can be
separated from seed

Samara

winged achene

Grain (=caryopsis)

single seed, thin pericarp
fused to seed (only
Poaceae)

Nut:

one large
seed; hard outer
shell

Capsule

Have septa
(sing. Septum) dividing
in internally into
sections

Silique

from 2
carpels, has false
septum –4 times
longer than wide
(Brassicaceae only)

Silicle

a type of
silique that is about as
long as wide (also
Brassicaceae only)

Follicles

one simple ovary (one carpel)—opens along
one line

Legumes

simple ovary—opens on two sides; seeds in
one row (only in Fabaceae s.l.)