Phamacognosy (1-100 questions)

Proverbs 16:3

D. None of the choices

The following are general steps in the preparation of the crude drug for commercial market, except:

A. Harvesting

B. Garbling

C. Storage and drying

D. None of the choices

B. Drying

The process of removing sufficient moisture to ensure good keeping qualities:

A. Harvesting

B. Drying

C. Collection

D. Garbling

E. None of the choices

B. Organoleptic

This refers to the evaluation by means of the organs of sense and includes macroscopic appearance of drug:

A. Microscopic

C. Macroscopic

E. None of the choices

B. Organoleptic

D. Both A, B & C

D. Taxonomic classification

Drugs classified according to the natural relationship among plants and animals:

A. Zoological arrangement

C. Morphological classification

B. Chemical classification

D. Taxonomic classification

C. Tyler

He defined Pharmacognosy as an applied science that deals with the biologic, biochemical and economic features of natural drugs and their constituents:

A. Seydler

B. Fluckiger

C. Tyler

D. Scheele

C. Citric acid

Plant acid isolated in crystal form from lemon by Scheele in 1784:

A. Tartaric acid

B. Lactic acid

C. Citric acid

D. Nitric acid

B. Menstruum

The technical term for solvent used during extraction:

A. Menstrual

B. Menstruum

C. Extract

D. Marc

D. Dioscorides

A Greek physician-pharmaco-botanist in 78 AD, the author of De Materia Medica:

A. Hippocrates

B. Theophrastus

C. Galen

D. Dioscorides

B. Chemotheraphy

The study of the use of chemical agents which are more selectively toxic to the invading organism than to host is known as:

A. Physiology

B. Chemotheraphy

C. Immunology

D. Pharmacology

C. Phytotherapy

The medicinal use of plant extracts:

A. Medical ethnobotany

B. Ethnopharmacology

C. Phytotherapy

D. Phytochemistry

D. Garbling

The step in the preparation of crude drug which consists of the removal of the extraneous matter prior to packaging:

A. Selection

B. Drying

C. Collection

D. Garbling

A. Poaceae

The new name of the family Gramineae:

A. Poaceae

B. Asteraceae

C. Caesalpinaceae

D. Arecaceae

D. Arecaceae

The new name of the family Palmae:

A. Poaceae

B. Asteraceae

C. Caesalpinaceae

D. Arecaceae

A. Roots and rhizome

Plant part collected when vegetative processes have ceased:

A. Roots and rhizome

B. Flowers

C. Leaves

D. Seeds

D. Phytochemistry

The study of chemicals derived from plants:

A. Medical ethnobotany

B. Ethnopharmacology

C. Phytotherapy

D. Phytochemistry

A. Habitat

The region in which the plant or animal yielding the drug grows:

A. Habitat

B. Indigenous

C. Naturalized

D. Cultivated

B. Egyptians

Which ancient civilization wrote the Ebers Papyrus which contained medicinal uses of plant and animals?

A. Greeks

B. Egyptians

C. Sumerian

D. Babylonians

D. Microscopic

Which of the following evaluation is best use in the determination of adulterants in powdered drugs?

A. Chemical

B. Physical

C. Biological

D. Microscopic

C. Galen

The originator of the formula for cold cream:

A. Hippocrates

B. Theophrastus

C. Galen

D. Dioscorides

A. Glycogen

Animal starch is also known as:

A. Glycogen

B. Chitin

C. Chitosan

D. None of the choices

B. Secondary (Alkaloids, Resins, Tannins)

These metabolites are considered waste products but possessing therapeutic effect:

A. Primary

B. Secondary

C. Both A & B

D. None of them

D. Saponin

The following are primary metabolites, except:

A. Carbohydrate

B. Protein

C. Fats

D. Saponin

A. Allergen

Pollen, mold spores, animal dander, and poison ivy are examples of:

A. Allergen

B. Antibiotics

C. Vitamins

D. Hormones

B. Steroids

Derivatives of Cyclopentanophenanthrene such as estrogens, androgens, adrenal cortex hormones, cholesterol, aglycones and ergosterol:

A. Antibiotics

B. Steroids

C. Alkaloids

D. Glycosides

C. Tannins

A group of complex phenolic compounds capable of combining with proteins:

A. Resin

B. Alkaloids

C. Tannins

D. Glycosides

D. Hormones

The substances are active principles secreted by the endocrine glands like glucagon, insulin, oxytocin and vasopressin:

A. Resin

B. Protein

C. Lipids

D. Hormones

B. Percolation

A process in which a comminuted drug is extracted of its soluble constituents by the slow passage of suitable solvent through a column of the drug:

A. Maceration

B. Percolation

C. Digestion

D. Decoction

C. Both A & B

Pharmacognosy embraces :

A. Cultivation, collection and preparation of herbal plants

C. Both A & B

B. Commerce, identification and preservation of drugs

D. None of them

D. Both A, B, & C

Stages in the preparation of drugs for the commercial market involves:

A. Handwashing

B. Garbling and drying

C. Packaging, storage & preservation

D. Both A, B, & C

E. None of the choices

A. Their price in the market

In pharmacognosy, drugs maybe classified based on the following, except:

A. Their price in the market

C. Their chemical constituents

B. Their morphology

D. Their therapeutic application

D. Cassia

All are drugs consisting of cremocarp fruits, except:

A. Anise

B. Fennel

C. Caraway

D. Cassia

D. Both I, II, & IV

Purpose/s of drying:

I. Ensure good keeping qualities

II. Facilitate milling and grinding

III. Permit the action of enzymes and bacteria

IV. It fixes the constituents

A. I & II

B. III only

C. Both I, II & III

D. Both I, II, & IV

A. Sublimation

It refers to a method of obtaining a constituent of a drug by heating the drug to vaporize its chief constituent to a gaseous state and condensing the vapor back to a solid form:

A. Sublimation

B. Crystallography

C. Microscopy

D. Chromatography

A. Volatile oil

Refractive index is used to determine the purity and therapeutic value of:

A. Volatile oil

B. Alkaloids

C. Resin

D. Tannins

C. Commerce

The following factors influence secondary constituents of plant drugs, except:

A. Heredity

B. Ontogeny

C. Commerce

D. Environment

D. Chromatography

_____ - is a process based on the distribution of a mixture between 2 phases:

A. Painting

B. Electrolysis

C. Filtration

D. Chromatography

A. Acetone

This is the solvent most commonly used for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaves:

A. Acetone

B. Ethanol

C. Dimethylformamide

D. Dimethylsulfoxide

D. Crystallography

The science of the form, structure, properties and classification of crystals:

A. Microchemistry

B. Microextraction

C. Microsublimation

D. Crystallography

A. Cat

The official test animal employed in the standardization of mydriatic drugs such as atropine:

A. Cat

B. Dog

C. Horses

D. Rabbit

D. Bitter

Alkaline has a taste description of:

A. Sour

B. Sweet

C. Salty

D. Bitter

D. Chemical

A method of evaluating plants according to the type of constituent present:

A. Pharmacological

B. Pharmaceutical

C. Morphological

D. Chemical

A. Infusion

A process of extraction which involve the maceration of the drugs for a short period of time with either hot or cold water:

A. Infusion

B. Decoction

C. Maceration

D. Percolation

A. Bioassays

These are official tests done on living animals as well as on intact or excised organs and which often indicate the strength of a particular drug or its preparation:

A. Bioassays

C. Microscopic test

E. Chemical assay

B. Histochemical test

D. Microbiological test

D. Digestion

It is a form of maceration in which gentle heat (40-60°C) is applied to the drug mixture:

A. Decoction

B. Percolation

C. Infusion

D. Digestion

B. Xanthan

This gum has pseudo-plastic property to enable ointments to hold their shape and spread readily:

A. Karaya

B. Xanthan

C. Locust bean

D. Guar

E. Indian gum

B. Osmotic diuretic

Because mannitol is absorbed from the GIT and parenterally is not metabolized, then it is used as:

A. Digestant

B. Osmotic diuretic

C. Acidulant

D. Cathartic

E. Laxative

A. Glucose

Ethanol and citric acid are produced by the cellular respiration of carbohydrates, especially:

A. Glucose

B. Sucrose

C. Fructose

D. Xylose

E. Lactose

A. Fructosan

A glucosan yield glucose units on hydrolysis, while inulin is a :

A. Fructosan

B. Hexosan

C. Pentosan

D. Diosan

E. All of the choices

D. Sucrose

The following are monosaccharides, except:

A. Fructose

B. Glucose

C. Mannose

D. Sucrose

B. Pectin

It is a purified carbohydrate product obtained from the inner rind of citrus fruits:

A. Lactic acid

B. Pectin

C. Tartaric acid

D. Citric acid

D. Amylose

NOTE: α-amylose specifically

The component of starch that reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex:

A. Insulin

B. Sucrose

C. Amylopectin

D. Amylose

D. Hexoses

The most important monosaccharides found in plants:

A. Trioses

B. Levulose

C. Pentoses

D. Hexoses

A. Pungent

Substance producing a warm biting sensation:

A. Pungent

B. Acid

C. Nauseous

D. Astringent

B. Dextran

The polyglucan used as plasma expander and is formed from sucrose by the action of the enzyme transglucosylase:

A. Inulin

B. Dextran

C. Gelatin

D. Hetastarch

A. Molisch test

A test for carbohydrates containing protein producing a red-blue or purple ring between the two layers:

A. Molisch test

B. Xanthoproteic test

C. Ninhydrin test

D. Biuret test

B. Oily

Substance producing a bland smooth feeling:

A. Pungent

B. Oily

C. Mucilaginous

D. Astringent

C. Photosynthesis

The primary function of plants not present in animals but on which animal and man depend greatly:

A. Respiration

B. Glycolysis

C. Photosynthesis

D. Metabolism

C. Sucrose

NOTE: Sucrose is a disaccharide

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide:

A. Dextran

B. Cellulose

C. Sucrose

D. Inulin

B. Molasses

When crystals of sugar are no longer obtainable, the residual dark colored syrup is:

A. Honey

B. Molasses

C. Sucrose

D. Starch

C. Lactose

A milk sugar composed of glucose and galactose:

A. Sucrose

B. Galactose

C. Lactose

D. Fructose

B. Zymase

Fermenting enzymes that converts monosaccharides to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide:

A. Rennin

B. Zymase

C. Urease

D. Sutilains

A. Astralagus gummifer

Tragacanth is a dried gummy exudates from:

A. Astralagus gummifer

B. Astralagus gumnifer

C. Acacia senegal

D. A & B

D. Maltose

This sugar upon hydrolysis yields 2 molecules of glucose:

A. Glucose

B. Sucrose

C. Lactose

D. Maltose

D. Gums

These are natural hydrocolloids that may be ionic, anionic or salts of polysaccharides:

A. Mucilages

B. Carbohydrates

C. Colloids

D. Gums

E. None of the choices

D. Cellulose

This is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by $\beta-1,4$ linkages and usually forms the primary cell wall of the plants:

A. Suberin

B. Lignin

C. Cutin

D. Cellulose

A. Butter

United fat globules when churned (stirred violently):

A. Butter

B. Whey

C. Condense milk

D. Cheese

C. Skimmed milk

The milk left after separation of the cream:

A. Butter

B. Butter milk

C. Skimmed milk

D. Condensed milk

D. Condensed milk (Evaporated milk)

This is prepared by partial evaporation of milk in a vacuum and consequent sterilization in hermetically sealed containers by autoclaving:

A. Butter

B. Butter milk

C. Whey

D. Condensed milk

B. Raffinose

Trisaccharide that occurs in sugar beets, seeds of cotton, and barley, a non-reducing sugar:

A. Gentianose

B. Raffinose

C. Stachyose

D. Melizitose

D. Soluble guncotton

This is the product obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids in cotton:

A. Methylcellulose

B. Gums

C. Collodion

D. Soluble guncotton

C. Algin

A purified carbohydrate product extracted from the brown seaweeds, Macrosystic pyriferia by the use of diluted alkali:

A. Karaya gum

B. Gelatin

C. Algin

D. Carrageenan

D. Pectin

The following are homoglycans, except:

A. Starch

B. Inulin

C. Dextran

D. Pectin

C. Galacturonic acid

What is the substance present in chitin that cannot be found in cellulose?

A. Hydroxyl acid

B. Acetamide

C. Galacturonic acid

D. Esters

E. Methyl salicylate

One of the following is not a medicinal balsam:

A. Storax

B. Benzoin

C. Styrax

D. Tolu

E. Methyl salicylate

E. Chrysarobin

NOTE : Chrysarobin is keratolytic

Among the anthraquinone glycosides, this is not employed as cathartic because it is too irritating to use:

A. Aloe

B. Frangula

C. Rhubarb

D. Senna

E. Chrysarobin

C. Bearberry

Source of arbutin, a phenol containing glycoside:

A. Buckwheat

B. Checkerberry

C. Bearberry

D. Dragonfruit

A. Salicin /Coniferin alcohol

Which of the following is classified as an alcohol glycoside:

A. Salicin

B. Gentisin

C. Cantharidin

D. Entadin

A. Amygdalin

Which of the following glycosides yield HCN as one of the products of hydrolysis:

A. Amygdalin

B. Sinigrin

C. Sinalbin

D. None of the choices

B. Cyanophore

Which of the following glycosides represent the group of bound poisons:

A. Glucosinolates

B. Cyanophore

C. Anthraquinone

D. Lactone

A. Acid or enzyme

Most of the glycosides are subject to hydrolysis, resulting the cleavage of glycoside linkages, by:

A. Acid or enzyme

B. Alkali

C. Both A & B

D. None of the choices

C. Sinigrin

Which of the following glycosides yield allyl isothiocyanate as one of the products of hydrolysis:

A. Amygdalin

B. Prunasin

C. Sinigrin

D. Sinalbin

A. Cyanophore glycosides

These are derivatives of mandelonitrile:

A. Cyanophore glycosides

B. Glucosinolates

C. Both A & B

D. Saponin

C. Picrotoxin

Glycosidic principle obtained from fish berries, Cocculus indicus formerly used as an analeptic:

A. Quassin

B. Humulin

C. Picrotoxin

D. Gentisin

A. Allicin

Glycoside found in garlic which possesses anti-platelet, anti-microbial and anti-rheumatic properties:

A. Allicin

B. Berberine

C. Cantharmin

D. Sanguinarine

B. Xanthones

Flavonoid found in yellow flower pigments:

A. Flavonoids

B. Xanthones

C. Anthocyanins

D. Bioflavonols

A. Saponin glycoside

It destroys red blood corpuscles by hemolysis and are toxic especially to cold-blooded animals:

A. Saponin glycoside

C. Cyanogenic glycosides

B. Anthraquinone glycosides

D. Flavonol glycosides

C. Emulsin and myrosin

Enzymes that hydrolyze a considerable number of glycosides:

A. Invertase

B. Maltase

C. Emulsin and myrosin

D. Lactase

A. Tetrahydrocannabinol

Hallucinogenic agent derived from Cannabis sativa includes:

A. Tetrahydrocannabinol

B. Scopolamine

C. Emetine

D. All of the choices

C. Turpentine

An oleoresin used extremely as counterirritant:

A. White pine

B. Balsam of Peru

C. Turpentine

D. None of the choices

C. Mannihotoxin

Glycoside found in cassava:

A. Mandelonitrile

B. Cyanohydrine

C. Mannihotoxin

D. Hydrocyanic acid

C. Anthocyanins

Pigment of flowers which is of glycosidic character:

A. Xanthophyll

B. Cytochrome

C. Anthocyanins

D. Lutein

C. Genin structure and glycone component

Medicinal effects and potencies of cardio-active glycosides depend on:

A. Digitalase

C. Genin structure and glycone component

B. Glucose

D. Cadiac/cadiotonic effect

D. Vanillin

This is also known as 4-hydroxyl-3-methoxy benzaldehyde popularly used as flavoring agent:

A. Eugenol

B. Glycyrrhizin

C. Coumarin

D. Vanillin

A. Sugar-ether

Glycosides are also known as:

A. Sugar-ether

B. Sugar-ester

C. Sugar-acids

D. None of the choices

C. Myrosin

The enzyme in black mustard seed that hydrolyzes the glycoside:

A. Emulsin

B. Amygdalase

C. Myrosin

D. Papain

C. Enzymatic hydrolysis

Glycosidic volatile oils are obtained by:

A. Expression

B. Ecuelle method

C. Enzymatic hydrolysis

D. Destructive distillation

B. Genin

The non-sugar portion of a glycoside is known as:

A. Glycone

B. Genin

C. Inactive portion

D. Active

D. Glycosides

These are acetal in which the hydroxyl of the sugar is condensed with a hydroxyl group of the non-sugar component:

A. Tannins

B. Carbohydrates

C. Resins

D. Glycosides

C. Saponin

Active principle in ginseng is classified as a ______ glycoside.

A. Anthraquinone

B. Flavonoid

C. Saponin

D. Alcohol

A. Moraceae

Indian hemp or Marijuana is classified under what family?:

A. Moraceae

B. Poaceae

C. Lamiaceae

D. Arecaceae