THE EARLY STUARTS: 1646-49

Why does the Newcastle propositions not lead to a settlement

No compromise of power in england

What did Charles want in the negotiations after the civil war

Money

Power

Pardon for all followers

What did Scotland want in negotiations after the civil war

To establish a Presbyterian church

What did the army want in negotiations after the civil war

Wanted to be paid

Immunity from prosecution

What did parliament want from the negotiations

Some wanted war

Some wanted peace

How did the army start to divide

Rank and file who wanted war and grandees who wanted peace

Why does Charles escape and flee to the Isle of Wight after the rank and file capture the king from holdenby house

He becomes suspicious of them

What is Charles able to do after fleeing to the isle of white

Negotiate the Engagement with the Scot's

What was Charles' eventual response to the Newcastle propositions

He wanted the 20 year militia control by parliament to be reduced to 10

Discussions about a Presbyterian church

Supporters not to be prosecuted

Not to give up his right to choose his ministers or military appointments

When did the commons vote for a complete disbandment of the army or to re-enlist to serve in Ireland against Irish confederacy

25 may 1647 - they only offered 8 weeks of back pay

How did the army respond to the commons calling for their disbandment in may 1647

Refused to disband as they believed it was lawful and their duty to remain in arms

What action did the army take against parliament after they called for their disbandment

Seized the king at holdenby on 4 June and took him to Newmarket

5 June - they accepted the solemn engagement - agreed not to disband until they achieved a just settlement over areas of pay and with charles

When did the Scots withdraw from England

Early 1647

When did the new model army regiments elect 'agitators' and form 'council of the army'

May 1647

When did cornet Joyce seize the king and bring him to the army

4 June 1647

When was the declaration of the army saying we are no mere mercenaries

14 June 1647

When did the army occupy London and Presbyterian leaders flee

6 August 1647

When were the Heads of Proposals?

July-September 1647

What were the main terms of the heads of proposals

Biennial parliaments

P to have control of the armed forces and government for 10 years

Election to HoC to be in proportion to the taxable wealth of counties

Authority of bishops to be removed in civil matters, abolished use of common prayer book and convenant not enforced

Royal family restored without any other limit

What were the drawbacks for Charles in the heads of proposals

Army did not offer coercive powers

Only offered 5 royalists exempt from general pardon

Charles therefore did not accept

When was the levellers agreement of the people debated by the army council in Putney church

October 1647

What were the Putney debates

A series of discussions between factions of the New Model Army and the Levellers concerning a new constitution for England.

When did Charles escape to the Isle of Wight

November 1647

What did Charles do when in the Isle of Wight in November 1647

Negotiate the Scottish engagement for their intervention in his support

When did the Windsor prayer meeting of army denounce "Charles Stuart, that man of blood"

April 1648

When did Cromwell defeat Scottish invasion in running battle at Preston

17-19 July 1648

When were there campaigns against royalist risings in wales, Kent, Essex, Yorkshire

1648

When did parliament re-open negotiations with Charles

September 1648

When was Pride's Purge?

6 December 1648

What was Pride's Purge?

When Thomas Pride expelled all Royalists (110) from Parliament - leaving only 'the Rump'

this allowed remaining in parliament to adopt again the vote of no addresses after it being revoked earlier

Who were the levellers

A movement that began among civilians in London around 1645 and challenged the existing social order

Emerged from debates on religious freedom

There were some in the army

When was the levellers agreement of the people

October 1647

Where were levellers killed due to radicalism

Burford

4 prominent campaigners in the levellers

Thomas rainsborough

John lilburne

Richard Overton

William Walwyn

What were the 2 key leveller pamphlets in the Putney debates

The 'case of the army truly stated'

The 'agreement of the people'

What were the Newcastle propositions

Propositions put forward by parliament to Charles that were similar to the 19 propositions and Scot's treaty 1643

When were the Newcastle propositions

July 1646

What were parliaments terms for charles of the Newcastle propositions

making peace, granting Charles full honour and guaranteeing his safety

What were parliaments terms for themselves of the Newcastle propositions

Charles had to agree to establishment of a Presbyterian state church

Give up control of his armies to parliament

Dismiss those ministers who had "ill-advised" him

What was Charles' response to the Newcastle propositions

Procrastination, no straight answer - led to him being abducted by army in June '47

When was the heads of proposals

August 1647

Charles' response to the heads of proposals

Although an improvement he believed he was able to use their differences against eachother as his enemies were dividing and believed settlement was not necessary

What was the engagement with Scotland

Charles to be restored to the position he had held before the breakdown of negotiations with parliament in 1642

In return, Charles promised to adopt Presbyterianism as the state religion for 3 years and to suppress sectarianism

What was Charles' third answer to the Newcastle propositions in may 1647

Confirmed Presbyterian gov (for 3 years)

Confirmed Westminster assembly

Confirmed the directory of public worship for 3 years

Parliament and Charles to discuss after 3 years

Rejected losing control of militia for 20 years

Charles' eventual response to the Newcastle propositions

Presbyterianism tried for 3 yrs

Appointments into gov and army only reserved for king

Monarchical freedom of worship

Militia under parliament but only for 10 years

What was the solemn agreement

Army created it in order to not be disbanded until money and settlement with the monarch had been reached

Where did Richard Arnold the agitator make his last stand against brutal repression

Corkbush field

when was the windsor prayer meeting

April 1648

what was the windsor prayer meeting

the army leaders met to pray for 3 days at windsor before meeting their enemies in the 2nd civil war

quote from the windsor prayer meeting

"to call Charles Stuart, that man of blood,
to an account for that blood he had shed, and mischief he
had done"

when was the second civil war

march-september 1648

when was the scottish engagement

26 december 1647

what was the vote of no addresses

Parliament saying that they wouldn't negotiate with Charles any more

passed during 2nd Civil War to end any negotiations with the
king.

Parliament felt the king had forfeited the right to negotiate by starting a 2nd Civil war by signing the scottish engagement

when did parliament revoke the vote of no addresses

september 1648

what was the treaty of newport

outcome of new round of negotiations when parliament revoked the vote of no addresses

cause of the army remonstrance

the negotiations following the revoking of the vote of no addresses was to much for the army and saw it as a betrayal of what they had fought for

when was the army remonstrance

November 1648

what was the army remonstrance

Issued by the Army General Council - a
formal protest accusing the king of tyranny
and calling for his trial.

why did parliament want to disband the army

very expensive - no longer an argument to keep them

presbyterians in parliament dont like it as they believed radicals were in there

who were the agitators

members who communicated the grievances of the rank-and-file soldiers in their dispute with the Presbyterian faction in Parliament.

colonel rainsborough quote

I think that the poorest he that is in England hath a
life to live, as the greatest he;

divisions among the army which may have been a reason it was possible for charles to reject the newcastle propositions

fairfax was not interested in politics but Rainsborough had sympathies for the levellers

why was there unrest in the counties

gentry had expected the NMA to be disbanded - upset because maintenance was costly

county committees were often staffed by social inferiors - power caused discontent

religious disputes caused by the promotion of radical ideas due to the emergence of the concept of liberty of conscience

how did the emergence of radical groups lead to the second civil war

led to petitions in the counties which led to riots which led then to the outbreak of the second civil war

when did parliament pass an ordinance limiting religious festivals

1644

when was the army revolt

June 1647

when did the scottish hand charles over to parliament

early 1647

why did the scottish hand charles over to parliament in early 1647

in return for arrears of payment - the Scots had failed to win Charles's support for establishing Presbyterianism in England

what was charles' final response to the newcastle propositions

10 years militia control to p

discussions about presbyterianism

supporters not persecuted

not to give up right to appoint ministers or militia

what was the problem when charles made his response to the newcastle propositions

the influence of the army had increased by then

when did charles finally give his answer to the newcastle propositions

18 may 1647

when did the peace party seek to increase its influence and reduce radicals by proposing disbandment of the army

early 1647

when was the army disbanded by parliament

feb 1647

what did the disbandment of the army in feb 1647 mean

officers would be replaced and soldiers would lose sympathisers with radical religious views - those who would replace would be more conservative

why was the army especially angry at parliament disbanding it in 1647

no provision for back pay or indemnity from prosecution - only offered 8 weeks back pay

what did the army do in response to parliament disbanding it in 1647

petitioned for fairfax for settlement of pay and indemnity from prosecution but this was dismissed by parliament

when was the declaration of dislike

30th March 1647

what was the declaration of dislike

parliament declared the petitioners in the army who were calling for settlement of pay and indemnity from prosecution were enemies of the state and public peace

when did the commons vote for the immediate disbandment of the new model army

25 may 1647 - only offered 8 weeks back pay

this led to the army taking on a more political role

what did the rank and file believe parliament wanted through its disbandment

they wanted to get rid of them because of their radical views

when did 2 regiments of the army mutiny as they felt betrayed by the MPs who were negotiating with charles as they felt they were throwing away all they had fought for

31 may 1647

when did army accept the solemn engagment

5 june 1647

What was the Solemn Engagement?

asserted that the army would not disband until satisfactory terms were negotiated and established a General Council of Officers

cause of the solemn engagement

in part because of weeks of arrears owed to the soldiers, and in frustration of the slow progress parliament had made in securing a settlement with the imprisoned Charles I

what was included in the representation published by the army on 14 june 1647

purging of corrupt MPs

parliament to be dissolved

new parliaments of fixed length

church to be reformed

liberty to be given to tender consciences

what was the effect of the army representation published on 14 june 1647

any settlement would have to include the army and therefore meant they had a bigger political force which gained them more support

what was the problem with the heads of proposals

represented the officers views but the ordinary soldiers saw it as too accommodating

when did the radicals within the army produce the case of the army truly stated

october 1647

what was the case of the army truly stated

a hotter version of the agreement of the people which ignored charles and attacked the senior officers in the army which they believed were being too accommodating to the king through the heads of proposals

When was the Agreement of the People?

28 october 1647

what did the levellers propose in the agreement of the people

p dissolved until 30 september 1647

people choose p every 2 years

power of representatives only inferior to those who choose them

matters of religion and worship are not entrusted by us by any human powers

forcing anyone to serve in wars was against freedom

when did charles escape army custody and flee to the isle of wight

11 nov 1647

effect of charles fleeing to the isle of wight

had more freedom, access to france and possibility of renewing war

when had 6 congregationalist churches been established in yorkshire

1646 - they were demanding any settlement should give them right to worship as they wanted

when and where was the leveller movement emerging from

1646 in london from a campaign for religious toleration

who were the three leading figures of the leveller movement

john lilburne

william walwyn

richard overton

what did the levellers argue

for the complete freedom of belief and worship as a right

what was the remonstrance of many thousand citizens on 7 july 1646

petition presented to the commons by the levellers which called for an increase of power to the people in government but parliament rejected it

who was concerned about the growing leveller support

parliament concerned about growing radicalism in the army - soldiers were often preaching, praying and debating amongst themselves

cromwell concerned about the threat to the social hierarchy and order posed by the levellers

why did cromwell agree to meet with army representatives and levellers in putney

due to the 2 documents presented by the levellersa nd growing fears among the officers