Review Questions - Chapter 19 Nutritional

The patient asks the nurse to explain what a kilocalorie is. What is the nurse's best response to this patient's question?

A kilocalorie is a measurement of energy."

Food is divided into several essential nutrients. Which nutrient does the bulk of the body's lean tissues and organs contain?

Proteins

When caring for a patient after gastric bypass surgery, which condition is the patient most at risk for?

Pernicious anemia

The nurse is educating a patient regarding optimal weight gain during pregnancy. What information will the nurse include?

Optimal weight gain during pregnancy is 25 to 35 lb.

A young mother brings her children into the clinic for a checkup. She asks what she can do to promote healthy dietary habits for her children. What is the nurse's best response?

Keep snacks available like fruit, cheese, or raw vegetables."

The nurse is caring for a visually impaired patient, and it is mealtime. What is the best method to describe the location of the different food items on the plate to the patient?

Potatoes are at 9 o'clock, chicken is at 12 o'clock, and carrots are at 3 o'clock.

A patient weighs 200 lb and is 62 inches in height. What is this patient's BMI using the formula for body mass index?

36.95

Weight to kilograms: 200/2.2 = 90.9; height to meters: 62/39.37 = 1.57; formula: 90.0/(1.57 × 1.57) = 36.95.

The formula for calculating BMI is: weight [kg] divided by height squared [m2] = BMI.

What is most important for the nurse to include when providing education to a patient regarding caffeine intake?

Caffeine is a nervous system stimulant.

Feelings of self-worth that are disproportionately based on body weight, shape, and size along with self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives is indicative of which eating disorder?

Bulimia nervosa

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a patient regarding proper nutrition based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s “My Plate” plan. What information will the nurse relay? (Select all that apply.)

Decreased sodium intake is stressed.

Decreased intake of sugary foods is encouraged.

Increased intake of fruits are encouraged.

Which complication would the nurse suspect in a patient with a history of weight-reduction surgery who arrives at the clinic with reports of nausea, cramping, diarrhea, sweating, lightheadedness, and palpitations after eating?

Dumping syndrome

Which nutrient would the nurse emphasize in the diet for a patient recovering from surgery?

Protein

Which nutrient would the vegan patient likely have nutritional deficits in? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Vitamin B12

Protein

Which food item provides the least amount of fiber?

Steak

Which patient condition would lead to the nurse instructing the patient to first eat high-calorie, high-protein foods and then eat low-calorie, low-protein foods if the patient is still hungry?

Trauma

Which condition would the nurse monitor in a patient with calcium toxicity?

Constipation

For which reason will increasing vitamin C in a patient's diet help with hemoglobin levels?

It increases iron levels in the body.

Which guideline would the nurse recommend for a 32-year-old male patient who drinks alcoholic drinks daily but would like to consume them safely?

Have two or fewer drinks per day

Which condition is most likely in a child who lives in poverty and has symptoms of edema and an enlarged abdomen?

Kwashiorkor

Which statement by the nurse would be the best response if an obese patient says, "I am so fat; do you think that I can lose the weight?

With diet, exercise, and other therapies, you may lose weight.

The nurse would perform which intervention to promote nutrition in an elderly patient who is on a regular diet and experiences difficulty swallowing?

Cut the food into smaller portions.

Which question would the nurse ask a patient to determine the cause of a reduction in bone mineral density?

Do you consume large amounts of meat and eggs?

Which food would be good to increase in the diet of a patient with low calcium levels? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Milk, Eggs, cheese

Which response would the nurse make if a family member asks questions about how to determine whether an item is suitable for a clear liquid diet?

"Any liquid that you can see through is considered clear.

Which response would the nurse make to a competitive teenage athlete who asks how much protein should be consumed?

"A healthy protein intake is about 46 to 50 g of protein a day."

Which component would the nurse include in the patient's diet plan if a patient who is overweight asks the nurse to suggest a diet that can satisfy hunger longer so that the patient can avoid overeating?

Water-soluble fiber

Which step is next after the nurse has checked the residual of a continuous feeding by using a gastrostomy tube?

Flush the tube with tap water

Which intervention would likely be added to the plan of care for a patient with renal calculi?

Increase daily fluid intake

Which position is best after a meal in a patient who is experiencing dumping syndrome after a gastrectomy?

Flat, with the head elevated slightly

Which reason would the nurse have for advising a patient on an anticoagulant to keep the consumption of vitamin K consistent?

Vitamin K increases blood clotting ability.

Which response would the nurse make in the case of a patient who is asking

"Replacing the fluid prevents an alteration in body electrolytes."

Which food item, if consumed in large amounts, could act as an antagonist to an oral anticoagulant?

Spinach

Which guideline does MyPlate recommend for a healthier diet?

Eat less food in general

Which dietary modification would the nurse follow for the patient with end-stage renal failure on dialysis?

Increase the protein content of the diet.

Which complete source of protein would the primary health care provider recommend to a patient recovering from a sports injury? Select all that apply.

eggs, milk

Which food will a patient choose to boost fiber consumption?

Brown rice

Which complication will the nurse most likely suspect in a patient who is a strict vegetarian?

Reduced vitamin B12 levels

Which dietary restriction would the nurse anticipate for a patient with a personal and family history of hypertension?

Sodium

Which answer reflects how the nurse would respond to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who does not agree with the patient's strong beliefs and nontraditional combinations of foods?

Unless the choices are harmful to the patient, they are acceptable."

Which lifelong vitamin supplement would be prescribed to a patient who has undergone stomach resection?

B12

Which intervention can be added to the dietary plan to increase nutritional intake for a nursing home resident who is experiencing emotional disturbance and does not want to eat?

Assess the patient's likes and dislikes, and try to present the patient's preferences for meals.

Which statement by the student regarding MyPlate dietary reference intake (DRI) warrants correcting?

Eat as much and as often as you want; just eat more vegetables than meat."

Which condition describes the patient who has not wanted to eat anything for a few days?

anorexia nervosa

What is the best method to describe the location of the different food items on the plate to a patient with visual impairment?

"Potatoes are at 9 o'clock, chicken is at 12 o'clock, and carrots are at 3 o'clock.

Which statement is true of proteins that contain the nine essential amino acids?

They are complete proteins

Which mineral deficit can cause an enlarged thyroid?

iodine

Which intervention would be most effective to promote hydration in a long-term care facility having an increased rate of patients with dehydration?

Offer fluids at meals and between meals

Which information is most important for the nurse to include when providing education to a patient regarding caffeine intake?

Which information is most important for the nurse to include when providing education to a patient regarding caffeine intake?

Which range represents the optimal weight gain recommended during pregnancy?

25 to 35 pound

A patient with hypercholesterolemia would choose foods containing high amounts of which fats?

Unsaturated

Which response would the nurse make in the case of a patient who is asking why the nurse is returning the gastric contents through the tube?

Replacing the fluid prevents an alteration in body electrolytes."

The nurse makes nutrition a focus in the care plan. Where does nutrition play the most

Health maintenance

The nurse is explaining the activity recommendations from the USDA's new MyPlate plan. What is the minimum amount of moderate weekly exercise needed to balance nutritional intake?

2 hours and 30 minutes

What are elements that are found in food and necessary for good health but that the body cannot make?

Essential nutrients

To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods, the nurse explains that 3 g of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g. How many kcal/g does 3 g of fish oil produce?

27 kcal/g

What has replaced the USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

How many kcal/g does 1 g of alcohol provide?

7 kcal/g

The nurse is educating a group of high school students regarding nutrition. How should the nurse respond when the students ask what occurs when protein, mineral, iron, and fat combine?

Tissue is built and repaired.

When reviewing a patient's dietary intake, the nurse recommends that sugar consumption be reduced to the recommended daily level. What is this level?

No more than 8% of total daily kilocalories

What is the body's storage form of carbohydrates, usually found in the liver with some storage in the muscles?

Glycogen

What is the term for stored fat that insulates the body and serves as a cushion to protect organs?

Adipose tissue

The nurse is providing information about high cholesterol levels. What is the rationale for avoiding saturated fats?

They increase blood cholesterol.

When discussing the digestion and metabolism of fat, the nurse tells the patient who has a history of cholecystitis and who is on a low-fat diet that fat must be emulsified to be digested. What is the substance necessary for emulsification?

Bile

The body uses 22 common amino acids, but 9 of them must be obtained from protein in the diet. What are these proteins considered?

Essential

The nurse is educating a patient on a vegan diet. What supplement will the nurse encourage this patient to take to avoid a deficiency?

B12

A fit, young woman was at zero nitrogen balance. The nurse discovers that this patient is now pregnant with her first child. For what is this patient at risk?

Anabolism

The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet. What will this diet help reduce the risk for or prevent?

Heart attacks

The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations. What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity?

Fatigue

The nurse cautions a patient with a pancreatic disorder that will interfere with the digestion of fats and may lead to a clotting disorder. What is the cause of these potential problems?

Inability to use vitamin K

The home health nurse is caring for a patient that has undergone removal of a part of the stomach. For what should the nurse carefully assess this patient?

Pernicious anemia

A patient taking a diuretic is assessed by the nurse as having an erratic pulse and muscle weakness. What should the nurse suspect is deficient

Potassium

A patient who has hypertension is complaining about the lack of taste with the low-sodium diet that has been prescribed. What should the nurse emphasize that sodium may do

Contribute to hypertension.

The young woman who is breastfeeding will need an increase of calories and protein. What foods should the nurse suggest as sources of protein?

Nuts

At approximately 4 to 6 months of age, solid food is introduced to a baby. What foods with high iron content should be recommended by the nurse?

Fortified cereals

. A school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition. What increased intake should the nurse encourage?

Iron and calcium

A nurse caring for a patient who is prescribed a full-liquid diet recognizes that this diet lacks some nutrients. What nutrients are lacking?

Iron and fiber

The nurse has assessed a patient's body mass index (BMI) to be 19.6. This assessment of weight versus height indicates that this patient's weight category is in which category?

Low health risk

The nurse is counseling a patient about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. What should the nurse stress that patients with type 2 diabetes are required to receive on a daily basis?

Regular carbohydrate-controlled meals

Careful attention to carbohydrate consumption can improve metabolic control of diabetes. The nurse teaches a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten at a meal. What is this meal planning approach called?

Carbohydrate counting

The patient who had a gastrostomy complains to the nurse about frequent episodes of dumping syndrome. What can the nurse recommend to this patient to decrease this problem?

Eat small, frequent meals.

. The nurse reminds the male patient with lactose intolerance that he can avoid the unpleasant symptoms of nausea, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea, if he will avoid certain foods. What product should the patient be instructed to avoid?

Milk

A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet. The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein. What is an example of a food that this patient can substitute for protein?

Potatoes

What is a nursing intervention to decrease the thirst of a patient who is on a fluid restriction?

Sucking on occasional ice chips

The nurse recognizes that when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrition by mouth, an alternative route such as a feeding ostomy may be used. What is the proper term for feeding a patient by this method?

Enteral

The nurse teaches a patient who has a nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) will be infused. Where will the infusion occur?

Through the superior vena cava

Which are the energy-providing food groups? (Select all that apply.)

Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

To simplify food values, the measurement of energy obtained by food is defined as the

kilocalorie

The body mass index (BMI) of a man 6 ft tall weighing 250 lb is

33.9

The BMI is calculated by dividing the pounds expressed as kilograms by the height in meters squared.

6 ft = 72 in ÷ 39.37 = 1.83 m

250 lb ÷ 2.2 = 113.6 kg

113.6 ÷ (1.83 1.83) = 33.9

Insoluble _____________________ softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon.

fiber