Womens History- FINAL

SUNY Oswego 2023

Margaret Sanger

Leader of the movement to legalize birth control. Suffered an unwanted pregnancy, founded the first birth control clinic in the USA, "American Birth Control League" that later became "Planned Parenthood".

Phyllis Schlafly

Conservative rights activist who protested the women's rights acts and movements defying tradition and natural gender division of labor; demonstrated conservative backlash in the 60s. Began the "STOP ERA" campaign.

The Feminine Mystique

Written by Betty Friedan, is credited to start second-wave feminism in the USA.

Presidential Commission on the Status of Women

From the moderate side of second wave feminism. Talked about the complaints of women, in particular, in the workforce. Had people examine if there was sexual harassment / sexism, and there was, but they didn't put a law in place.

The "Lavender Scare"

The government chose people who they thought were gay and fired them from their jobs because they posed a "security threat" (illegal to be gay). One could be blackmailed and exploited, revealing to the Soviet Union what USA's secrets are. This brings about a time of conformity (DON'T STAND OUT).

The New Departure

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Constitution-based argument fighting for the women's right to vote. Women should have the right to vote because the Constitution said that any person that was born or naturalized in the USA is a citizen, and citizens have the right to vote.

Mary Hanchett Hunt

was a member of NWTO, believed in "scientific temperance instruction", meaning, teaching kids about alcohol to prevent them from drinking. Some states made it a mandatory part of their school curriculum. It was then made a federal law.

Rosa Parks

Was not the first attempt at sitting at the front of the bus. She wanted a test case to get to the Supreme Court to re-evaluate the validity of segregation laws. Member of the NAACP and was hardworking & respectable.

Boston Marriage

Relationship between two women who lived in the same house and acted as a married couple. Ex. Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Star

1964 Civil Rights Act

In the USA, outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Hull House

Opened by Jane Addams and Ellen Star. It starts with 2 rooms above a store, then expands to a place for immigrants to stay and learn about white culture while enriching their own(expands to an entire city block).

Henry Kaiser

Runs a ship yard to build Navy ships. He doesn't want any of the workers to miss work, so he provides on-site day care for employees. If your kid is sick, take him to the day care. Take him to the "infirmary on site" if needed. Families could also get low-cost prepared meals at the end of the day.

Intersectionality

The interconnected nature of social organizations such as race, gender, nation of origin, regarded as creating overlapping and independent systems of discrimination or disadvantage

Tina Manning

Water rights activist for Native Americans.

Victory Garden

Reached out to women and children. "Grow food and help feed the poor people of London and their soldiers". They pooled in children through school gardens.

Rosie the Riveter

Cultural icon representing the American women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War 2, producing munitions and war supplies. (see notes for more information)

Minor v. Happersett

1875- Supreme court stated that Virginia Minor could not vote because even though she was granted citizenship, it did not extend the right to vote- the 14th amendment did not add privileges to citizen. Women did not get the right to vote.

Roe v. Wade

Establishes a limit to when a woman can have an abortion. (Legalized abortion to the first trimester).

The Women's Christian Temperance Union

First mass organization of women that was dedicated to linking Christianity with the development of society. HUGE with racism, also huge with the prohibition of alcohol.

The New Women

Feminist ideal that emerged in the late 19th century. They pushed the ideals of the conventional Victorian Woman.

The Battle of the Sexes

In 1973, the tennis match. A former Wimbledon Champion (Bobby Riggs) said that he could beat any woman, he was a male chauvinistic pig. It was televised, at first, he beat a woman who had just given birth. Then he played an active tennis player, Billy Jean King, and she beat him. People now thought differently on women.

Griswold v. Connecticut

A couple was denied birth control, but they said that Griswold should have access to it, because it's a matter between her and her doctor. "Right to Marital privacy" was never explicitly stated in the Constitution but it was implied.

Alice Paul

Radical feminist. She starts the NWP (National Women's Party). Stands in front of the white house with signs (Silent Sentinels). Went to jail, went on a hunger strike. NAWSA and NWP come together to fight, but the right to vote wasn't given right away.

NOW

National Organization for Women. Founded by Betty Friedan. Fought hugely for reproductive rights, as well as workplace discrimination / harassment / equal pay / leave.

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Organized with black and white students, in the north and the south. They recognized the importance of also reaching out to whites. They reunited many whites and blacks to bring about change (also made of members who started 2nd wave feminism). They did Freedom Rides, as well as Freedom Summer.