Zoology Module One

Exam One

Macromolecule

polymer built from monomers

Polymer

long molecule made of similiar building blocks

Monomer

repeating units (building blocks)

Enzymes

type of macromolecule that speeds up chemical reactions

Dehydration reaction

two monomers bonding through loss of water molecule

Hydrolysis

disassembles polymers through formation of water molecule

Carbohydrates

sugars and polymers of sugars

Monosaccharides

molecular formulas, usually multiples of CH2O

Disaccharide

formed through dehydration combining two monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

polymers of sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose)

Starch

storage polysaccharide of plants

Glycogen

storage polysaccharide in animals

Cellulose

insoluble fiber

Chitin

structural polysaccharide

Lipids

hydrophobic fatty compounds

Fatty acid

carboxyl group attached to long carbon skeleton

Triglyceride

three fatty acids joined with one glyceride

Saturated fatty acid

have max number of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds, solid at room temp

Unsaturated fatty acid

have one or more double bond, liquid at room temp

Phospholipids

two fatty acids joined with one glycerol, hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head

Bilayer

double layered shell of phospholipids, hydrophilic heads pointed out

Steroids

lipids characterized with carbon skeleton with four fused rings (ex: cholesterol)

Protiens

biologically functional molecule made of one or more polypeptides, used for defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement, structural support, and as a catalyst

Amino acids

molecules used to build protiens, organic molecules with amino and carboxyl groups

Polypeptides

unbranched polymers built from amino acids

Primary structure

unique sequence of amino acids

Secondary structure

coils and folds in polypeptide chain, hydrogen bonds

Tertiary structure

interactions among R groups

Quaternary structure

multiple polypeptide chains form macromolecule

Nucleic acid

DNA, made of monomers and nucleotides

DNA

nucleic acid that makes up genes

RNA

translates DNA into protiens