milady ch 3

Physiology & Histology involve….

The study of anatomy, layers and functions of the skin

Physiology is the study of

The study of functions and activities performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes

Histology also known as

microscopic anatomy

Histology is the study of

The structure and composition of tissue

Skin Physiology and Histology involves

The study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue

Estheticians who are known to specialize in the health and beauty of the skin are sometimes referred to as

Technicians, skin therapist, or specialists

What should an esthetician commit to

Being a lifelong learner

What do clients value?

An esthetician's comprehensive understand of the skin in general

By educating clients, estheticians are

Sharing their knowledge and expertise

An estheticians primary focus is

Preserving, protecting and nourishing the skin

What is the integumentary system?

Skin

What is the largest organ in the body?

The skin

What is skin/integumentary system?

A strong barrrier designed got protect us from outside elements.

What controls the skin's intricate functions?

Hormones, growth factors, and other biochemicals

What is the basic material and building blocks of our body's tissues?

Protein

Amino acids are building blocks of?

Proteins

What forms Peptides?

Amino acids

What do Peptides form?

Proteins

What has miles of blood vessels, millions of sweat glands and an array of nerves within a network of fibers?

Our skin

Appendages of skin include:

hair, nailed, sweat glands and oil glands

What does healthy skin consist of?

It is slightly moist, soft, smooth and somewhat acidic

What are five interesting facts about healthy skin?

Skin accounts for 15% of our body weight, The thinnest skin is found on your eyelids, the skin of an average adult weights 6 to 9 lbs, every minute your body sheds 30,000 dead skin cells, skin is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous

How much of our body weight does skin account for?

15%

Where is the thinnest layer of skin?

Eyelids

How many square feet, on average is your skin?

22 square feet or 3,000 square inches

Where is the thickest area of skin?

Pams of the hands and soles of the feet

What lacks hair and sweat glands?

Scar tissue

Why is the skin of your knuckles very different to the skin on your belly?

Because every inch of your skin has a unique stretchiness and strength

How many dead skin cells does your body shed per minute?

30,000

Everyone has the same number of

Melanocytes

What are Melanocytes?

The cells that produce skin color.

What do some peoples skin produce more of?

Melanin

How much does the skin of an average adult weigh?

6 to 9lbs

Is the Epidermis thicker or thinner than the Dermis?

Thinner

How many primary functions of the skin are there?

Six

The skin acts as a what for the body?

A sheild

What is waterproof, and an insulator that protects the body from extreme me heat, cold, and UV rays?

The skin

What is a barrier that protects against harmful chemicals and bacteria, preventing infection?

The skin

Skin plays an important role in bone health by producing?

Vitamin D

What are the six primary functions of the skin?

Sensation, Protection, Heat Regulation, Excretion, Secretion and Absorption

What does S.H.A.P.E.S stand for?

Sensation, Heat, Absorption, Protection, Excretion, Secretion

What is one of the first senses to develop?

Touch

A massage sends message to the brain through:

Nerve stimulation and lowering stress in the body as well as promoting circulation

What happens to babies and older adults when they experience more touch and interactions with others?

Stress reduction

What is one of the most sensitive parts of the body?

Fingertips

Sensory nerve fibers are more abundant in?

Fingertips

Eye color is also the job of?

Melanocytes

The skin is a thin, yet strong protective barrier to what?

Outside elements and microorganisms

Sebum (oil) on the epidermis protects you from?

Invasion by certain bacteria

The protective barrier made up of sebum, lips, sweat and water is?

Acid Mantle

This film protects the skin from drying out and exposure to external damaging factors

Hydrolipidic film

Hydro means

Water

Lipidic means

Oil

Hydrolipidic film provides:

An oil-water balance on skin surface

The acid mantle has an average pH of?

5.5

Why is a balanced pH of the skin important?

To protect the body from pathogens and regulate enzymatic functions

What part of the skin is the natural barrier function?

The acid mantle

This function is skins mechanism to protect us from irritation and intercellular trans epidermal water loss

Barrier function

What is TEWL

Trans epidermal water loss

Trans epidermal water loss is?

Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface

Substances that contribute to the barrier function of the epidermis?

lipids

Lipids are protective oils and part of the _ between epidermal cells

Intercellular matrix

Damage to this layer is the cause of many skin problems, including sesitivities, aging, and dehydration

Barrier

Normal skin holds moisture in, Damaged skin_?

Let's moisture out

The microscopic view of the structure of the epidermis resembles?

A brick wall

In the microscopic view of the epidermis the the cells are bricks and the _ is the cement mortar between the bricks holding everything together.

Intercellular matrix

What do Melanocytes do?

product pigment and protect from UV rays

What are pigment granules that produce a protein called melanin?

Melanosomes

What can damage the DNA in melanocytes and cause skin cancer?

UV rays

Where to Melanin travel from?

The deeper basal cell layer of the stratum germinativum

Dendrites acts as an umbrella to do what?

Sheild skin from negative effects of sun and indoor tanning

Melanin travels from the deeper basal cell layer of the stratum germinativum to the surface through finger like projections called.

Dendrites

How does injured skin restore inself to its normal thickness?

Through a hyper production of cells and blood clotting

stimulates cells to reproduce and heal: abbreviated EGF

Epidermal growth factor

Proteins and peptides trigger _ and cells to rejuvenate.

Fibroblasts

Fibroblasts are?

Cell stimulators

What is the body's average internal thermostat?

98.6 Degrees Fahrenheit 37 Degrees Celcius

The body maintains through evaporation, perspiration, radiation,a nd insulation.

Thermoregulation

Millions of what release heat from the body through perspiration to keep us from overheating?

Sweat glands

How do we cool ourselves?

Evaporation on skin's surface

What else also assists in cooling the body?

Blood flow and blood vessel dilation

When we are cold the ___ attached to the hair follicles contract and cause goosebumps.

Arrector pili muscles

This is an automatic response to cold and a way to warm up the body…

Shivering

Sweat glands are also known as _ which excrete perspiration.

Sudoriferous glands

Less than 1% of the body's detoxification comes through perspiration. What organs do the detox work?

Liver and kidneys

Heavy sweating can cause

Loss of fluids, dehydration, and loss of the internal balance needed to keep the body functioning optimully

Sweat is art of

The acid mantle

An oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both the skin and hair

Sebum

Also known as oil glands, are appendages attached to the follicles that produce sebum

Sebaceous glands

True or False

Sebaceous glands are oils that keep the skin soft and protected from outside elements.

True or False

The skin is approximately 50 to 70 percent water

What coats the surface of the skin to slow down evaporation or water also known as TEWL and helps maintain appropriate water levels in the cells.

Sebum

Emotional stress and hormone imbalances can stinulate oil glands to increase the flow of sebum, which can lead to skin problems such as

Acneic breakouts

True or False

Absorption of chemicals, hormones, moisture and oxygen is necessary for our skin's health

Vitamin D is synthesized and produced in the skin upon what?

Exposure to sun

The skin selectively absorbs topical products, serums and cream through?

The cells, hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Can some ingredients with a smaller molecular size penetrate the skin?

Yes

What is the penetration ability of the ingredients dertermined by?

Size of the molecule and other characteristics of the product

Do lipid-soluble products penetrate better?

Yes