chapter 22 - nutrition

carbohydrates

what is the main source of dietary energy?

proteins

what are used in the body to produce new tissue, maintain and repair cells, and produce enzymes?

water soluble vitamins

what type of vitamins are highly polar and function as coenzymes?

vitamin c

what water soluble vitamin does not function as a coenzyme?

fat soluble vitamins

what type of vitamin is nonpolar and function like hormones?

major component of bones and teeth

what are calcium and phosphorus used for?

stage I

what stage of digestion: large, complex molecules are digested into simpler ones via hydrolysis

stage II

what stage of digestion: small molecules are broken down into simpler units, primarily the 2 carbon portion of acetyl CoA

stage III

what stage of digestion: reactions of the citric acid cycle plus those of the electron transport chain and oxidation phosphorylation, purpose is the convert chemical energy in foods into ATP molecules

heterocyclic base (adenine) bonded to ribose

what is the structure of ATP?

-2

what is the net charge of an ATP complex

NAD+

what molecule acts as an electron acceptor?

NADH + aldehyde/ketone

alcohol + NAD+ = ?

FAD

what molecule acts as a proton acceptor?

FAD

what molecule is involved in reactions where -CH2—CH2 bond is oxidized to a double bond?

energy released from the oxidation of nutrients is used to generate ATP

what is oxidative phosphorylation?