Ethnic Studies Final Exam

100%

brain drain

immigration to the United States of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed in their home countries.

color gradient

The placement of people on a continuum from light to dark skin color rather than in distinct racial groupings by skin color.

colorism

The ranking of judging of individuals based on skin tone

de jure segregation

Assignment of schoolchildren to maintain Separate schools based on race, enforced by law.

Marielitos

People who arrived from cuba in the third wave of Cuban immigration, most specifically those forcibly deported by the way of Mariel Harbor

• this term is generally reserved for refugees seen as especially undesirable.

panethnicity

the development of solidarity among subgroups—as in the case of panethnicity among Hispanics or Asian Americans.)

Pentecostalism

a religion similar in many respects to evangelical faiths that believes in the infusion of the holy spirit into services and in religious experiences such as faith healing.

remittances

monies that immigrants end to their countries of origin and are a crucial source of income in Central America. (Panama - DR - Mexico)

Monies that immigrants send to their countries of origin are known by what term?

remittances

What Latino political action committee focused on fighting back against the Trump administration's plans to end sanctuary cities, remove civil rights protections, and detain undocumented immigrants?

Victory Fund

Which of these was the primary force for northward movement from Central and South America during the 1960s?

perceived economic opportunities

A beauty advertisement for a product that claims to lighten skin tone demonstrates which type of social issue?

Colorism

Which of the following best explains the shifts in the income gap between Latinos and Whites in the last 30 years?

The gap has remained consistent.

Which of the following best demonstrates the adaption of the Catholic Church to the needs of Latinos?

a congregation that chooses to celebrate

Dia de los Muertos

Mauricio is a Salvadoran immigrant who immigrated to the United States due to high rates of crime and social upheaval in his home nation. He is highly educated and has become a successful doctor in the US. Which of these is the best description of his status in relation to his home nation?

Mauricio is an example of the problem of brain drain in El Salvador.

The issue of English language use in the US is politically charged and has become a means to justify discrimination among anti-immigration and anti-Latino groups. How has the Latino community responded to this maltreatment, with regard to English language acquisition?

English becomes the primary language spoken by second and third generation immigrants.

In the last two presidential elections, Latino voters have backed Democratic candidates over Republican candidates at high rates. Which of the following might best explain this phenomenon?

Republican policies and tone on immigration have alienated many Latinos.

Tension exists within Cuban immigrant communities related to the arrival of the Marielitos during the third wave of Cuban immigration in the 1980s. Which of the following best explains why the Marielitos had such a complex impact on the Cuban community?

Fidel Castro arranged to send a small number of people with drug and behavior problems during the third wave of Cuban immigration.

Orientalism

simplistic view of the people and history of the Orient ( Region of the Middle East to East Asia ) with no recognition of change over time or the diversity within it’s many cultures.

casual Islamophobia

Anti-islam statements previously regarded as extreme but now becoming accepted by large portions of the general public.

contact hypothesis

a interactionist perspective stating that intergroup contact between people of equal status in noncompetitive circumstances will reduce prejudice.

deficit model of ethnic identity

One’s ethnicity is viewed by others as a factor of subtracting away the characteristics corresponding to some ideal ethnic type.

ethnocentrism

the tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to all others.

hijab

Islamophobia

a range of negative feelings toward Muslims and their religion that ranges from generalized intolerance to hatred.

nativism

racial profiling

Xenophobia

What nationality is universally considered to be Middle Eastern by experts as reported by the US Census Bureau?

Lebanese

Which of the following statements about the definition of

Middle East is true?

There is not a consensus in terms of what constitutes the Middle East.

Which nation banned Muslim girls in public schools from wearing headscarves in 1989?

France

Donald Trump’s ban on allowing immigrants and refugees from several Muslim majority countries to enter the US is an example of what kind of social policy?

nativism

The term

Arab American

is generally used to refer to those whose ancestors come from countries that are now understood to be part of the Arab world; however, it is a complex and contested identity. Which of these aspects of Arab identity is the single most, but not universal, unifying force among Arabs?

Arabic language

The Muslim faith is based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammad, and the writings of the Qur’an. However, it shares traditions, texts, and its origin with other religious traditions. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Islam and other world religions?

Islam is most similar to Christianity, as they worship the same deity and share important figures and holy texts.

Adam is a member of a political group that has long held the belief that Muslims are dangerous and should be refused entry into the United States, and not allowed to practice their religion. Until recently, Adam's views were considered radical by people outside his group. However, in the last two years Adam has been hearing political leaders indicating that they share his views. This is an example of what phenomenon?

increasing evidence of casual Islamophobia

The denomination of Black Muslims known as the Nation of Islam was founded in the US by Elijah Muhammad in the 1930s. Due to its position regarding the social position of Black people, this denomination often comes into conflict with other Muslim American traditions. Which of the following best explains this tension?

Elijah Muhammad taught that Black Muslims were naturally superior to other people.

Samira is a teenage Arab American girl, who struggles with some members of her community who consider her inability to speak Arabic and her non-Arab boyfriend make her “too American.” What social theory best explains Samira’s experience?

deficit model of ethnic identity

One of the most controversial elements of modern Islam is related to the religious customs of female clothing. Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism, among other faiths, have customs that are intended to preserve female modesty. Among Muslims, this practice has become highly contested both within and outside the faith. Which of these statements best explains the attitude held toward the practice by women, inside and outside of the faith?

Women fall into three general categories, those who see wearing a hijab as an individual choice, those who see it as a normalized religious duty, and those who view it as oppressive.