Lecture on Networking, Internet Technologies, and Cybersecurity

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture on networking, technology, and cybersecurity.

What device helps send and receive data over the internet by converting signals?

A modem.

What is the purpose of modulation and coding in networking?

To change and organize data for efficient travel and understanding.

What does the signal represent in a data transmission context?

The actual data being sent, which is represented in binary (0s and 1s).

What is the definition of bandwidth?

The maximum amount of data that can be sent per second, essentially measuring internet speed.

How does circuit switching work?

It creates a private, dedicated path reserved for a connection, regardless of data transmission.

Why is circuit switching inefficient for digital data?

Because digital communication is not constant and sends data in bursts, making constant reservations wasteful.

Describe packet switching.

It breaks data into packets, labels them, sends them through the fastest routes, and reassembles them at the destination.

What is an IP address?

A unique address assigned to every device connected to a network, used for identification and directing packets.

What role do APIs play in software communication?

They define the rules for requesting information between software systems and keep interactions secure.

What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?

A LAN connects devices within a small area like a building, while a WAN connects multiple networks over long distances.

What encapsulates the concept of a VPN?

A secure, encrypted connection over the internet used to protect data.

What does Quality of Service (QoS) control in networks?

It prioritizes traffic so important data is delivered first and faster.

What is the difference between IDS and IPS?

IDS detects suspicious activity passively, while IPS actively blocks attacks.

What is a cryptocurrency miner's role in blockchain?

They solve complex puzzles to add new blocks to the blockchain and earn rewards.

What defines a public key in a blockchain?

A shared key that acts like an account address, derived from a private key.

What happens if a transaction signature does not match?

The transaction is rejected as invalid.

Why is blockchain considered secure against tampering?

Changing data in one block invalidates subsequent blocks, making alterations complex and costly.

What is the purpose of smart contracts in blockchain?

To automate processes by executing predetermined rules when conditions are met.