tree of life PT 2 (gene 3000)

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protostomes

mouth develops then anus; includes many groups of invertebrates

hemachordata

acorn worms, closest extant relatives of the chordates

echinodermata

sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, entirely marine

chordata

defined by a notochord, nerve cord, a post anal tail

cephalocordata

lancelets

olfatores

(tunicates and vertebrates)

cyclostomata

group of vertebrata (jawless fish)… lampreys and hagfish

gnathostomata

group of vertebrata (jawed vertebrate)

Chondrichthyes

cartilaginous fish

elasmobranchii

sharks, rays, skates, sawfish

Osteichthyes

bony fish

Actinopterygii

ray-finned fish

teleost

makes up 96% of all fish species

sarcopterygii

lobe-finned fish

Anamniotes

lays eggs in water

anurans

frogs and toads

caudata

newts and salamanders

caecilians

worms

amniotes

lay eggs on land

tuatara

NOT A LIZARD, two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlapping one row on lower jaw, only species of this order

squamates

scaled, lizards/snakes

sauropsid reptiles

crocodilians, dinosaurs

archosauria

birds

testudines

turtles, vocalizations

paleognaths

flightless birds except tinamou

ratites

ostriches, rheas, cassowaries, emus, kiwi, and tinamou

neognaths

galliformes and anseriformes

strisores

nightjars, oilbirds, pottos, frogmouths, swifts, and hummingbirds

columbaves

turacos, bustards, cuckoos, pigeons

gruiformes

rails and cranes

aequorlitornithes

flamingos, grebes, shorebirds, sunbittern, loons, penguins, herons, pelicans, storks

ipopinaves

vultures, hawks, eagles, !!!!!NOT FALCONS!!!!!!

afroaves

owls, trogons, quetzals, hornbills, kingfishers, woodpeckers

australoaves

seriemas, FALCONS, parrots, **passerines

passerines

(perching birds)… half of bird species

monotremes

(echidna, platypus) lay eggs rather than bear live young, mammal

metatherians

(marsupials, pouch) kangaroos, tasmanian devils, 70% of species live in Australia

Atlantogeneta

(placental mammals/eutherian) SOUTH AMERICAN: anteaters, sloths, armadillos; AFRICAN: golden moles, elephant shrews, elephants

Laurasiatheria

(eutherian→boroeutheria) shrews (soricidae), even-toed ungulates (artidactyla), whales, bats, odd-toed ungulates and carnivora

Carnivora

Feliformia (“catlike”) and California (“doglike”)

Euarchontoglires

eurachonta and the glires

euarchonta

Scandentia and Primatomorpha

Primatomorpha

Dermaptera and Primates

Scandentia

tree shrew

dermaptera

gliding mammals (flying lemurs)

primates

“wet nose” and “dry nose”; Old World Catarrhines (narrow-nose) and New world Platyrrhines (flat-nosed)

“Wet nose” (Strepsirrhines) Primates

lemurs, galagos, and lorisids

“Dry nose” (Haplorhines) primates

tarsiers, monkeys and apes

Old World Catarrhines (narrow-nose)

baboons, macaques, gibbons and great apes (humans)

New world platyrrhines (flat-nosed)

capuchins, howler and squirrel monkeys

Glires

Rodentia and Lagomorpha

Rodentia

40% of all mammals, 2 continuously goring incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws; mice, rats, beavers, chipmunks, etc.

Lagomorpha

Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and Ochotonidae (pikas); 4 incisors in the upper jaw

Opossum

has more than 50 teeth, only marsupial found north of Mexico, 13 nipples (50 offspring but only 13 survive), short life span (2 years), 1/5 brain of a raccoon, paralysis with extreme fear, eats ticks (important in limiting TICK BORNE DISEASE)