MYTHOLOGY

Zeus/Jupiter

King of the gods, ruler of the skies and thunder, and enforcer of justice

Hera/Juno

Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage and childbirth, and protector of women

Poseidon/Neptune

God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses

Hades/Pluto

God of the underworld and the realm of the dead; associated with wealth and minerals

Ares/Mars

God of war and violence; Mars also represents agricultural aspects in Roman mythology

Aphrodite/Venus

Goddess of love, beauty, and desire

Athena/Minerva

Goddess of wisdom, strategy, warfare, and crafts

Apollo/Apollo

God of the sun, music, poetry, healing, prophecy, and archery

Artemis/Diana

Goddess of the hunt, wilderness, moon, and childbirth

Hermes/Mercury

Messenger of the gods, god of commerce, travel, and communication

Hestia/Vesta

Goddess of the hearth, home, and family

Demeter/Ceres

Goddess of agriculture, grain, and fertility

Hephaestus/Vulcan

God of fire, metalworking, and craftsmanship

Dionysus/Bacchus

God of wine, revelry, theater, and ecstasy

anthropomorphic

Greek gods were depicted with human qualities, emotions, and flaws.

polytheistic

has numerous gods and goddesses

Greek Mythology

hero myths

Greek Mythology

themes: honor, fate, and mortality

Chaos

______was the beginning of everything, a primordial void.

Gaia (Earth), Tartarus (the abyss), Eros (Love), Erebus (Darkness), and Nyx (Night).

From Chaos emerged ___(Earth), ____(the abyss), ____(Love), ____(Darkness), and __(Night).

Gaia, Uranus (Sky), Titans, Cyclopes, and Hecatoncheires

____birthed ____(Sky), and they produced the ____,____, and _____.

Uranus

______ imprisoned their children, which angered Gaia.

Cronus

_____, a titan, overthrew Uranus by castrating him. Cronus ruled but feared a prophecy about being overthrown by his children, so he swallowed each of his offspring at birth.

Rhea

___, Cronus’ wife, saved their youngest Zeus, by tricking Cronus with a stone.

Zeus

____grew up, forced Cronus to regurgitate his siblings, and led them in battle.

The Titanomachy

war between the Olympians and the Titans happened

The Olympians

____ won, imprisoning the Titans and establishing their reign over the cosmos

The 12 Labors of Hercules

a series of daunting tasks assigned to the legendary hero as penance for killing his wife and children in a fit of madness induced by Hera.

Jason and the Argonauts

Jason, seeking to reclaim his stolen throne, embarks on a perilous quest to retrieve the Golden Fleece from Colchis. Assembling a crew of legendary heroes, the Argonauts, he sails the Argo, facing numerous trials including harpies, clashing rocks, and treacherous encounters.

Perseus and Medusa the Gorgon

Perseus, son of Zeus and Danaë, was tasked by King Polydectes to bring back the head of Medusa, a Gorgon whose gaze turned men to stone. Aided by the gods, who provided him with winged sandals, a helmet of invisibility, and a reflective shield, Perseus journeyed to the Gorgons' lair.

Pyramus and Thisbe

The young lovers' families hate each other and forbid them to get married. They find a crack in the wall that separates their houses, and through it, they whisper and profess their love for each other. Still, Pyramus and Thisbe were willing to do anything to be together.

Orpheus and Eurydice

Orpheus, ancient Greek legendary hero endowed with superhuman musical skills. His music and grief so moved Hades, king of the underworld that Orpheus was allowed to take Eurydice with him back to the world of life and light.

animism

worshipping spirits in nature (anitos) and natural deities

polytheistic

multiple gods and goddesses associated with various elements (Bathala, creator god; Mayari, goddess of the moon, etc.)

PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY

passed down orally

PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY

hero tales and epics

Bathala

the supreme creator deity

Apolaki

God of the sun and war

Mayari

Goddess of the moon, war, and revolution

Tala

Goddess of the stars

Idiyanale

Goddess of labor and good deeds

Amanikable

God of the sea and hunt

Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocano)

The infant hero Lam-ang, gifted with speech and strength, seeks his lost father. He wins Ines Kannoyan's hand in marriage, aided by magical creatures. Though killed by a sea monster, Ines revives him with his animal companions.

Ibalon (Bicol)

Baltog battles a giant wild boar, Handiong establishes civilization and fights monstrous creatures, and Bantong slays the cyclopean monster Rabot.

Bidasari (Mindanao)

Bidasari, a beautiful princess, is hidden in a forest by her mother to escape a jealous queen's wrath. She lives as a merchant’s daughter, her life tied to a golden fish. The queen learns of Bidasari's secret and harms the fish, causing Bidasari to fall deathly ill.

pantheism

features a pantheon of gods (Aesir gods Odin, Thor, Loki; and Vanir gods Njord, Freyr, Freyja) representing different aspects of nature and society

apocalyptic

prophesied Ragnarok where gods will battle, destined to die

fatalism

strong belief in predestined fate that even gods cannot escape

Yggdrasil

the universe is structured around a cosmic tree connecting different realms (Midgard, Asgard)

warrior culture

focus on gods associated with war (Odin, Thor) and values of courage and war

Norse Mythology

mythical creatures such as giants (Jotuns), elves, dwarves

The Ginnungagap

___(void) existed between Niflheim (realm of ice) and Muspelheim (realm of fire)

Ymir, Audhumla, Ymir

The melting ice and fiery sparks created steam, giving birth to___, the first giant, and ___, a cow who nourished__with her milk.

Búri

Audhumla licked the salty ice, revealing__, the first god

Bor, fathered…Odin, Vili, and Ve.

Búri's descendants,____ , fathered three brothers: ___,___, and ____.

earth, seas and rivers, mountains, rocks, sky, and clouds

the three brothers killed Ymir, used his body to create ___(flesh),____ (blood),___ (bones), ___(teeth), ___(skull), and___(brain)

Ask and Embla

The brothers shaped the first humans, ____ and ____, from tree trunks, gifting them life and intelligence

Yggdrasil

The cosmic tree ___connects the nine realms, including Asgard (realm of the gods), Midgard (realm of humans), and Helheim (realm of the dead)

Odin

All-Father, god of wisdom, poetry, war, and death

Frigg

Queen of Asgard, goddess of marriage and motherhood

Thor

God of thunder, strength, and protection

Loki

Trickster god, known for cunning and mischief

Freya

Goddess of love, fertility, and war

Frey

God of fertility, prosperity, and harvests

Tyr

God of war and justice

Balder

God of beauty, light, and purity

Heimdall

Guardian of the Bifröst bridge; god of foresight and vigilance

Hel

Ruler of the realm of the dead, Helheim

Njord

God of the sea, wind, and wealth

Skadi

Goddess of winter and hunting, associated with mountains

Thor and the Journey to Utgard-Lok

Thor, Loki, Thialfi, and Roskva journey to Utgard-Loki's fortress. Utgard-Loki challenges them to seemingly simple contests, but each is magically rigged. Thialfi loses a race, Thor fails to drink from a horn, wrestle an old woman, and lift a cat.

Odin's Quest for Wisdom

Odin, the Norse god, relentlessly pursued wisdom. He sacrificed an eye to drink from Mimir's well, gaining profound knowledge. He endured nine days hanging from Yggdrasil, wounded by his own spear, to learn the runes.