Structure of Personality and Psychosexual Development

Id

Instinctual, seeks immediate gratification.

Ego

Mediates between id, superego, and reality.

Superego

Internalizes societal values and imposes guilt.

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety.

Repression

Banishing distressing thoughts from awareness.

Projection

Attributing one's own undesirable feelings to others.

Denial

Refusing to acknowledge reality.

Displacement

Redirecting emotions to a safer target.

Regression

Reverting to earlier behavior in response to stress.

Sublimation

Channeling impulses into socially acceptable activities.

Rationalization

Justifying behaviors with logical explanations.

Intellectualization

Detaching emotion from a situation through logic.

Reaction Formation

Expressing the opposite of true feelings.

Oral Stage (0-18 months)

Pleasure from sucking/biting → oral fixation (e.g., smoking, nail-biting).

Anal Stage (18 months- 3 years)

Toilet training → anal-retentive (orderly) or anal-expulsive (messy) traits.

Phallic Stage (3-6 years)

Oedipus/Electra complex → gender identity development.

Latency Stage (6 year- puberty)

Social/cognitive development, sexual urges repressed.

Genital Stage (puberty- death)

Mature sexual relationships and well-adjusted personality.