Sports Health Care practical

positive test result of Anterior drawer test for ankle

anterior translation of the talus away from the mortise

excessive laxity

implications for anterior drawer test for ankle

sprain of anterior talo-fibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talo-fibular ligament

positive test result for talar tilt inversion test

increased joint laxity when compared bilaterally

implications for talar tilt inversion test

sprain of calcaneofibular ligament

positive test result for talar tilt eversion test

excessive bilaterally unequal laxity

implications for talar tilt eversion test

sprained deltoid ligament

tibiocalcaneal ligament primarily

positive test result for Kleiger’s test

anterolateral pain at the distal tib-fib syndesmosis

implications for Kleiger’s test

possible syndesmosis pathology

positive test result for crossed-leg test

pain in the distal syndesmosis

implications for crossed-leg test

possible syndesmosis pathology

positive test result for compression/squeeze test

pain over suspected injury site

implications for compression/squeeze test

possible fracture of fibula

possible syndesmosis sprain

positive test result for bump test

pain over suspected injury site

implications for bump test

possible fracture or more likely onset of stress fracture

positive test result for Thompson test

absence of plantar flexion

implications for Thompson test

possible grade 3 train of the achilles tendon or soleus-gastroc complex

positive test result for Homan’s sign

sharp pain (not a stretch sensation) in the calf

implications for Homan’s sign

a possible deep vein thrombophlebitis

positive test result for Valgus stress test

increased valgus movement, soft or empty end-feel

implications for valgus stress test

sprained MCL at 30 degrees

also MCL, PCL, and joint capsule at 0 degrees

positive test result for Varus stress test

increased varus movement, soft or empty end feel

implications for Varus stress test

sprained LCL at 30 degrees

sprained LCL, PCL, and capsule at 0 degrees

positive test result for Lachman’s test

excessive anterior translation with an empty or soft end feel

implications for Lachman’s test

ACL injury

postive test result for anterior drawer test of knee

excessive anterior translation with an empty end feel

implications for anterior drawer test of knee

ACL injury

low sensitivity - 25%

highly specific - >90%

positive test result for posterior drawer test of knee

increased posterior tibial translation

implications for posterior drawer test of knee

PCL injury

highly sensitive and specific

positive test result for posterior sag test aka Godfrey’s test

posterior displacement of tibia

implications for posterior sag test aka Godfrey’s test

posterior instability (PCL, popliteal ligament, joint capsule)

positive test result for McMurray’s test

a click along the joint line

repeatable pain along the joint line

implications for McMurray’s test

possible meniscus lesion

sensitivity - 30-60%

specificity - 60-80%

positive test result for Aply’s compression test

pain, clicking, and/or restriction

implications for Aply’s compression test

possible meniscus lesion

low sensitivity - 53%

low specificity - 53%

positive test results for patellar dislocation testing

facial expressions for signs of apprehension or discomfort

implications for patellar dislocation testing

patellar instability

sensitivity - 100%

specificity - 88%

positive test results for Sternoclavicular joint stress test

pain and/or movement of the clavicle

implications for sternoclavicular joint stress test

possible SC sprain, probably of the costoclavicular ligament

positive test result for acromioclavicular joint distraction test

pain and/or movement of the scapula inferior to the clavicle

implications for AC distraction test

possible AC and coracoclavicular ligament sprain

positive test result for AC compression test

pain at AC joint and/or clavicle pops up over the acromion

implications for AC compression test

AC ligament sprain

positive test result for cross-arm horizontal adduction test

superior, anterior, or posterior pain

implications for cross-arm horizontal adduction test

superior - AC joint pathology

anterior - subscapularis, supraspinatus, or biceps tendon long head pathology

posterior - infraspinatus, teres minor, or posterior capsule pathology

positive test result for shoulder apprehension test

apprehension to movement of external rotation

implications for shoulder apprehension test

previous history of anterior glenohumeral dislocation or subluxation

positive test result for Jobe relocation test

reduction in pain and apprehension

increase in external rotation

implications for Jobe relocation test

often indicative of anterior instability

positive test result for anterior drawer test of shoulder

increased anterior translation of humerus relative to the glenoid fossa

noted apprehension

implications for anterior drawer test for shoulder

might indicate anterior glenohumerual instability

positive test results for sulcus sign

excessive inferior translation and/or a visible “step off” or “sulcus” inferior to the AC

implications for sulcus sign

indicative of a multidirectional instability

positive test result for O’Brien’s sign

pain and/or “popping”

implications for O’Brien’s sign

thumb down: AC joint sprain, rotator cuff pathology

thumb up: SLAP lesion

sensitivity - 0.66

specificity - 0.36

positive test result for Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test

shoulder pain and apprehension

implications for Hawkins-Kennedy impingement

indicative of supraspinatus tendon shoulder impingement

positive test result for Neer impingement test

shoulder pain and apprehension

implications for Neer impingement test

indicative of supraspinatus and/or long head of biceps tendon impingement

positive test result for Speed’s test

tenderness and/or pain in bicipital groove

implications for Speed’s test

could indicate biceps tendinopathy