[ GEN BIO ] Lesson 6: Structures and Functions of Plant Cells

• Meristematic Tissues

• Permanent Tissues

2 Main Types of Plant Tissues

Meristematic tissues

are found in the growing areas of plants.

Permanent tissues

are composed of nondividing cells.

• Apical Meristem

• Lateral Meristem

Kinds of Meristematic Tissues (2)

Apical meristems

are responsible for the primary growth of plants.

• protoderm

• ground meristem

• procambium

Derivatives of apical meristems (3)

• Vascular Cambium

• Cork Cambium

2 kinds of Lateral Meristem

Lateral Meristem

are responsible for the secondary growth of plants.

Vascular cambium

gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem. Secondary xylem gives rise to wood.

Cork cambium

gives rise to cork cells which replaces epidermis of plants once they mature.

• Simple permanent tissues

• Complex permanent tissues

2 Types of Permanent Tissues

Simple permanent tissues

are composed of one kind of cell.

Complex permanent tissues

are composed of two or more kinds of cells.

Epidermis

It covers the whole body of nonwoody and young woody plants and is protected by a waxy cuticle.

Cuticle

prevents loss of water and invasion of disease-causing microorganisms.

The roots’ epidermis

has root hairs that help increase the roots’ absorption capacity.

Trichosomes

These hair-like outgrowths prevent water loss and reflect excess light.

Guard Cells

are specialized structures that regulate the opening and closing of stomata.

Stomata

are slit-like structures on the lower epidermis of leaves which aids in the exchange of gases between plants and the environment.

Parenchyma cells

are mostly responsible for the synthesis and storage of plant food.

Collenchyma cells

provides a furnishing flexible support to immature parts of plants.

• sclereids

• fibers

2 kinds of Sclerenchyma cell:

Vascular tissues

are the only complex permanent tissues in plants.

• Xylem

• Phloem

2 kinds of Vascular Tissues

Tracheids

are thin and elongated cells where water passes through.

Vessel Elements

They have perforated plates that allow the transport of water through the vessels.

Phloem

is composed of sieve-tube elements that help in the transport of nutrients throughout the plant’s body.

Meristematic tissues

give rise to permanent tissues which will differentiate into specialized cells with certain functions.

Permanent tissues

are generally responsible for photosynthesis, support, and transport of water and nutrients

Height

Primary growth is an increase in plant’s ___

diameter and girth.

Secondary growth is an increase in plant’s ___ and ____

Ground tissues

are also called fundamental tissues because their functions are essential for the growth and development of plants.

Parenchyma

is responsible for storage and photosynthesis.

Collenchyma and sclerenchyma

provide support to the plant’s body