heart and fetal circulation

lub sound of heart is created by

the systole, ventricles pump blood out

the dub sound of the heart is created by the

diastole, the ventricles relax and fill up w blood.

the left side of the heart pumps blood to the ______ then it goes back to the right side of the heart

body

the ______ side of the heart pumps blood to the _______, then it goes to the ________ of the heart

right, lungs, left

the rate of muscle contraction set by the pacemaker cells is altered by both the

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

the ______ ______ is between the right atrium and right ventricle

tricuspid valve

the ________ ______ is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

pulmonary semilunar

the _______/________ ____ is between the left atrium and left ventricle

bicuspid/mitral valve

the _____ ______ _____ is between the left ventricle and aorta

aortic semilunar valve

a hole that shunts blood from right atrium to bypass the lungs in fetuses

foramen ovale

closure post-birth forms fossa ovalis

foramen ovale

shunts blood from the left pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetuses

ductus ateriosus

closure of the ductus arteriosis post-birth forms the

ligamentum arteriosum

differences between the fetal and post natal circulation

fetus has non-functioning lungs, cannot provide it’s own nutrients, and uses mother’s circulation

purpose of placenta

allows for communication of blood

veins and arteries of placenta

one umbilical vein towards heart, 2 umbilical arteries.

the umbilical vein passes through the _____ and goes to the ______

liver, inferior vena cava

what does the umbilical vein regress to form

the ligamentum teres.

Which of the following cranial nerves carries parasympathetic fibers

oculomotor

postsynaptic sympathetic fibers release the neurotransmitter

norepinephrine

The cell bodies of presynaptic parasympathetic neurons are located in the __________.

brain and sacral spinal cord.

Choose the CORRECT statement that reflects the differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

The SNS is excitatory, while the ANS is both excitatory and inhibitory.

what structure is ONLY innervated by the sympathetic division of the ANS

adrenal medulla

the parasympathetic division of the ANS is characterized by ______

short postsynaptic axons

Some terminal ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the ANS (i.e. those ganglia containing the cell bodies of postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons) are found in the walls of the organs being innervated and are called _______ ganglia.

intramural

the thoracolumbar division is another name for the _______ division of the ANS

sympathetic

which of the following is NOT innervated by the autonomic nervous system

skeletal muscle

the sympathetic nervous system is characterized by

short presynaptic fibers and long postsynaptic fibers.

The _____________ has the thickest wall of all the heart chambers as it pumps blood through the ________________ circulation. Which words fill in the blanks in the correct order (i.e. chamber with thickest wall; circulation)?

left ventricle, systemic

The final structure(s) in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart and responsible for conveying electrical signals directly to the ventricular muscle cells is/are the ___________________.

 

Purkinje fibers

The coronary arteries arise (i.e. originate) from the __________.

base of the aorta

The bicuspid valve is located between the __________________.

 

left atrium and left ventricle

In fetal circulation, the _______________ acts as a shunt between the right atrium and left atrium to help blood bypass the pulmonary circulation.

 

foramen ovale

Which of the following does NOT drain into the right atrium?

pulmonary veins

Which of the following structures contain blood with the lowest concentration of oxygen?

 Pulmonary arteries

The muscle bundles found along the wall of a portion of the atria are called __________.

 pectinate muscles

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement concerning the heart?

the apex of the heart points towards the right hipclo

The second heart sound indicates the _____________ .

closure of the semilunar valves

During embryonic development, the ductus arteriosus shunts blood __________.

from the left pulmonary artery to the aorta

After the muscular layers of the heart have been supplied with oxygenated blood, the ______ collects blood from the veins of the heart itself and empties into the right atrium.

 coronary sinus