the appendicular skeleton flashcards

appendicular skeleton

bones of the limbs and the supporting bone girdles that connect them to the trunk

pectoral girdles

shoulder girdle, 2 s shaped clavicles and two broad, flat scapulae

clavicles

s shaped bones that originate at the superior, lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum, lateral to the jugular notch

2 ends of the clavicle

acromial end and the sternal end

acromial end

articulates with the scapula at the acromion

sternal end

articulates with the sternum to the left and right of the jugular notch

glenoid cavity

articulates with the humerus bone

subscapular fossa

depression in the anterior surface of the scapula

coracoid process

smaller anterior projection of the scapula

acromion process

larger posterior process, articulates with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint

scapular spine

ridge that crosses the posterior surface of the scapular body before ending at the medial border

supraspinous fossa

area superior to the spine of the scapula

infraspinous fossa

area inferior to the spine of the scapula

humerus

bone of the upper arm, extends from the scapula to the elbow

condyle

site of articulation for the humerus to the radius and ulna

trochlea

spool-shaped medial portion of the condyle

trochlear notch

articulates with the trochlea of the humerus at the elbow joint

olcranon

proximal end of the ulna, point of the elbow

bones of the wrist

8 carpal bones - 4 proximal and 4 distal

4 proximal carpal bones

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

scaphoid

proximal carpal bone on the lateral border of the wrist, carpal bone closest to the styloid process of the radius

lunate

comma shaped, (think luna moon), lies medial to the scaphoid, articulates with the radius

triquetrum

three-cornered, small pyramid shaped bone medial to the lunate, articulates with the articular disc that separates the ulnar head from the wrist

pisiform

small, pea shaped, anterior to the triquetrum

4 distal carpal bones

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

trapezium

four sided with no parallel sides, lateral bone of the distal row

trapezoid

medial to the trapezium, proximal articulation with the scaphoid

capitate

largest carpal bone, between the trapezoid and the hamate

hamate

hooked shape, medial distal carpal bone

hip bone forms a fusion of these three bones

ilium, ischium and pubis

ilium

top of the pelvic girdle

ischium

on the far left and right side of the pelvic girdle

pubis

most inside portion of the pelvic girdle

acetabulum

concave socket that articulates with the head of the femur, all 3 hip bones meet here

femur

longest and heaviest bone in the body, articulates with the hip bone and the tibia

greater and lesser trochanters

large, rough projections that originate at the junction between the neck and the shaft

patella

large sesamoid bone that forms within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris

rough, convex anterior surface and a broad base

tibia

shinbone, large medial bone of the leg

fibula

long and slender, parallels the lateral border of the tibia

7 tarsal bones

calcaneus, trochlea of talus, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and medial cuneiform