Forensic Science Review Sheet

These flashcards cover key concepts, terminologies, and principles discussed in the forensic science lecture, designed to aid students in their exam preparation.

What is the cornerstone principle of forensic science introduced by Edmund Locard?

Every contact leaves a trace.

Who is known as the father of forensic toxicology?

Mathieu Orfila.

What are the two types of physical evidence based on characteristics?

Individual evidence and Class evidence.

What is the purpose of the Frye standard established in Frye v. US (1923)?

To determine if scientific evidence is accepted by the majority of the scientific community.

What does the Daubert Ruling allow a trial judge to do?

Act as a gatekeeper determining the admissibility of scientific testimony.

What are the initial steps to secure a crime scene?

Preserve evidence in its original state and separate witnesses.

What should be included in a crime scene sketch?

Exits and entrances, evidence markers, and measurements.

What technique is used to analyze blood types from dried specimens?

Blood grouping tests.

What is the significance of the chain of custody in evidence collection?

To document the handling and transfer of evidence to prevent tampering.

What is the 3R rule related to glass fractures?

Radial fractures, concentric fractures, and the direction of impact.

What do forensic anthropologists analyze?

Human skeletal remains.

What types of evidence does the Biology Unit in a forensic laboratory typically analyze?

DNA, body fluids, wounds, and botanical evidence.

What is the primary use of chromatography in forensic science?

To separate and purify substances.

What distinguishes individual evidence from class evidence?

Individual evidence can be traced to a single source, while class evidence can be associated with a group.

In firearm analysis, what is meant by the term 'caliber'?

The internal diameter of the firearm barrel, typically measured in millimeters or inches.

What is the role of a Forensic Pathologist?

To determine the cause and manner of death through autopsy and investigation.

Define forensic odontology.

The analysis of teeth, dental records, and bite marks for identification.

What are the steps to photograph evidence at a crime scene?

Take overall shots, mid-range angles, and close-ups using varying lighting and scales.