Lecture+1 genetics

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22 Terms

1

What is gene regulation?

The process of turning genes on and off, where each cell expresses only a fraction of its genes at any given time.

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2

What is an operon?

A cluster of genes transcribed under the control of a single promoter.

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3

Define the promoter in an operon.

A region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

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4

What is the function of the operator within an operon?

It acts as an on-off switch for gene expression by binding repressor proteins.

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5

What happens to the lac operon when lactose is present?

The genes for the enzymes that break down lactose are induced.

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6

What does the trp operon do?

It regulates the production of tryptophan in E. coli and is repressed when tryptophan is present.

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7

What is the role of the lac repressor?

It is a DNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of genes involved in lactose metabolism.

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8

What causes the lac repressor to change shape and release from the operator?

The presence of allolactose causes an allosteric change in the lac repressor.

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9

How does CAP enhance the transcription of the lac operon?

CAP binds to a region of DNA before the lac operon promoter and helps RNA polymerase attach to the promoter.

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10

What is attenuation in the context of the trp operon?

The process that regulates gene expression based on the levels of tryptophan available to the cell.

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11

The __________ is a region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

promoter

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12

In an operon, the __________ acts as an on-off switch for gene expression.

operator

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13

The __________ operon is involved in the metabolism of lactose.

lac

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14

The __________ operon is responsible for regulating the production of tryptophan.

trp

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15

When lactose is present, the lac operon genes are __________.

induced

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16

The __________ repressor inhibits the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of lactose.

lac

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17

The presence of __________ causes an allosteric change in the lac repressor.

allolactose

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18

CAP enhances transcription of the lac operon by helping RNA polymerase attach to the __________.

promoter

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19

Attenuation in the trp operon regulates gene expression based on __________ levels.

tryptophan

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20

An operon is a cluster of genes transcribed under the control of a single __________.

promoter

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21
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22
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