Tongue
Moves food around the mouth
Helps swallow (forms bolus)
Breaks food by squishing it against hard palate
Teeth
Meant to break food into small pieces (Types differ between carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores)
Uvula
Triggers gag reflex (touched when not eating)
Swings up and back to seal nasal cavity when swallowing
Salivary Glands
Makes/secretes saliva
Lubricates digestive track
Epiglottis
Closes in an up & over movement in to block trachea when swallowing
Pharynx
Enables breathing through nose and mouth. It is the space that connects your nasal cavity and oral cavity
Esophagus
Carries bolus from pharynx to stomach (2 layer of muscle; Longitudinal muscle, and rings of muscle)
Sphincters
A ring of muscle (valve) that controls the flow of substances along digestive track via muscle contractions
Stomach
Breaks down food physically (Peristalsis), and chemically (acid and enzymes)
Small Intestine
Breaks down food (many enzymes)
Does most of bodies nutrient absorption
HCL from stomach is neutralized here
Large Intestine
Regulates consistency of feces by absorbing/adding water or salt
Moves feces towards the rectum
Absorbs Vitamin K
Rectum
Last 6(ish) inches of large intestine
Compacts and stores feces
Colon
The part of large intestine that is NOT the rectum
Appendix
Stores good bacteria to repopulate the large intestine
Anal sphincter
Controls when feces exit the body
Liver
Filters the blood, removing and processing toxins (e.g. drugs, alcohol)
Makes and secretes bile
Gallbladder
Connects liver to small intestine
Stores bile
Pancreas
Makes digestive enzymes (Lipase, Protease, Pancreatic amylase)
Connected to small intestine
Makes Sodium Bicarbonate to neutralize stomach HCL
Proteins when digested become
Polypeptides → Amino Acids
Carbs when digested become
(Starches) → Polysaccharides → Monosaccharides
Fats when digested become
(Lipids) → Fatty acids + Glycerol
What is absorbed by the Small intestine?
Carbs
Fats
Minerals
Proteins
Vitamins
3 Enzymes released by Pancreas
Pancreatic Amylase
Lipase
Protease
Pancreatic amylase digests
Sugars (Carbs)
4 types of tissue
Muscle tissue
Soft tissue
Gland tissue
Bones
Studied by 35 People