Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
when ordering extremity imaging
order multiple views
joint above and below
follow entire perimeter to ensure you see all fractures
what is scapular Y-view (PA)?
plain film w/ pt rotated to look for suspected shoulder dislocations or fractures of scapula
what is axillary view?
plain film w/ arm abducted and beam is focused through axilla w/ film cartridge on superior aspect of shoulder
what is the best study for soft tissues?
MRI
what is visible in scapular Y-view (PA)?
coracoid, spine of scapula, body of scapula
humeral head should be in center of the āYā
what is the best true lateral view of the shoulder?
axillary view
What does axillary view evaluate?
glenoid and humeral head for fractures and dislocations
What does scapular Y-view (PA) evaluate?
fractures of scapula or shoulder dislocations
what is this?
clavicular fracture (usually occurs in mid portion or distal 1/3)
what is this?
humeral head fracture w/ suspected dislocation
what is this?
humeral head fracture w/o dislocation
what is this?
glenoid fracture
what is this?
scapular fracture
what is acromioclavicular separation?
the ligament of the AC joint is disrupted, resulting in 5 degrees of AC separation
What are 95% of shoulder dislocations?
humeral head dislocated anteriorly from glenoid (medial aspect of humeral head is inferior and medial to the gelnoid)
what is this?
anterior humeral head dislocation (humeral head is moved inferiorly and medially)
what is the best view to see posterior dislocations?
Y- view
what is this?
posterior humeral head dislocation
what is this?
hill-sachs deformity (caused by repeat dislocations)
what is this?
DJD and calcific tendonitis
what is the 3rd most common site for osteogenic sarcoma?
humerus
Where is osteogenic sarcoma most common?
long bone in lower extremity around knee
what is the best view for the elbow?
lateral view w/ elbow flexed at 90 degrees
what indicates pathology on a lateral view w/ elbow flexed at 90 degrees?
posterior fat pad
what should be seen and adjacent to the bone in a lateral view w/ elbow flexed at 90 degrees?
anterior fat pad
How are normal apophyses (growth plates) distinguished from pathology?
by having well defined margins
What is the best view for elbow trauma?
lateral view
what indicates an elbow fracture in lateral view?
displacement of anterior fat pad or presence of posterior fat pad
what is this?
elbow fracture
what is the most common fracture of the elbow?
radial head
what are the 3 classic fractures of the forearm?
nightstick, motteggia, galeazzi
what is a nightstick fracture?
fx of mid portion of ulna
what is a monteggia fracture?
fx of proximal ulna w/ dislocation of radial head
what is a galeazzi fracture?
fx of distal radius w/ dislocation of ulnar head from wrist
what is this?
monteggia fracture
what is this?
galeazzi fracture
wha tis a greenstick fracture?
incomplete fracture due to flexibility of young bones; common in forearm
what is the most common fracture of the wrist?
collesā fracture
what is collesā fracture?
fracture of distal radius w/ dorsal angulation of distal fragment; also includes fracture of ulnar styloid
MOI- falling on outstretched hand (FOOSH)
what is this?
collesā fracture - distal fragment displaced dorsally
what is a smith fracture?
fx of distal radius and ulnar styloid but distal fragment is angulated towards volar surface
what is a torus/buckle fracture?
compression fracture usually in children
what is a scaphoid / navicular fracture?
most common fracture of carpals, often difficult to see on initial plain films; can lead to avascular necrosis of scaphoid/navicular bone
what is this?
avascular necrosis
what is boxerās fracture?
fx of 5th metacarpal; often w/ displacement or angulations towards palmer surfaces
what is Bennet and Rolandoās fx?
fx of 1st metacarpal
what is Bennett fracture?
fx of base of 1st metacarpal
what is Rolando fx?
fx that involves base of thumb metacarpal characterized by Y or T shaped intra-articular fracture line
what is gamekeeperās fracture?
avulsion fx of thumb
MOI: hyperextension of thumb
what is volar plate fx?
avulsion fx of base of middle phalanx on volar surface
what is this?
monteggia fx dislocation of elbow
what is this?
colles fx
what is this?
radial head fx
what is this?
galeazzi fx
what is this?
smith fx w/ volar angulation
what is this?
Rolandos fx (PA shows comminuted intra-articular fx at base of 1st metacarpal)