**BIOS exam 3 new

What infection disrupts both antibody & cell-mediated immune responses?

HIV

What describes when bacteria flourish & grow in the blood stream?

Sepsis

What is a sign of H. Pylori infection?

Stomach ulcers

What infection is often preceded by a round of broad spectrum antibiotics?

C. Difficile

What untreated infection can lead to scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, & glomerulonephritis?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the most severe complication of measles?

SSPE

How is artificial active immunity acquired?

Vaccination

What type of cells must B cells interact with to be functional?

T-Helper cells

What is an indicator of an allergic reaction?

High eosinophil count

What respiratory symptoms are associated with COVID-19?

Loss of sense of smell & hyperinflammation

What can Lyme disease progress to without treatment?

Polyartritis

What is not a common sign or symptom of endocarditis?

Vomiting

What disease is caused by Borrelia?

Lyme disease

How is Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli transmitted?

Undercooked beef or contaminated food & beverage, or fecal oral

What pathogen affects 50% of the world population?

H. Pylori

When did the USPHS syphilis study at Tuskegee stop?

When the public became aware

How is a white & curd-like discharge treated?

Antifungal

What system do prions infect?

Nervous system

Which pathogens cause diseases of the nervous system?

C. Tetani, rabies, & prions

Which pathogens cause meningitis?

Streptococcus pneumonia & Listeria monocytogenes

What are signs and symptoms of meningitis?

Stiff neck, fever, & photophobia

What is the most severe type of tuberculosis?

Secondary

What are hemagglutinin & neuraminidase associated with?

Influenza

What bacteria causes syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

What skin infection is caused by the variola virus?

Smallpox

What skin infection is caused by bacteria that secrete tissue-destroying enzymes?

Necrotizing Fasciitis

What is the initial immunoglobulin?

IgM

What is the structure of IgM, IgG, IgE, IgD, & IgA in order of prevalence?

IgG: Monomer, IgA: Dimer, IgM: Pentamer, IgE: Monomer, IgD: Monomer

What is not considered a first line of defense?

Lysozymes

What is not considered a second line of defense?

B-cell lymphocytes

What is not a complement pathway?

Direct

What does MAC stand for?

Membrane attack complex

What happens to the original cell infected by a virus?

It sends out a signal (interferon), but is not protected by interferon.

What does vaccination with the MMR vaccine protect against?

Third line of defense

What is natural passive immunity?

Example: Chicken pox antibody & breastfeeding

What is the classification of drugs like penicillin that don't elicit an immune response on their own?

Hapten

Which cell is not considered an agranulocyte?

Neutrophil

What is incorrect regarding the adoptive immune system?

Cytotoxic T cells participate in antibody production/humoral immunity.

What is the causative agent of syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

What is the causative agent of pharyngitis?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the causative agent of Traveler's diarrhea?

Enterotoxigenic E. coli