med term semester one review

11 body systems

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

skeletal system

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints

muscular system

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat.

nervous system

the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

endocrine system

the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

cardiovascular system

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.

lymphatic system

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.

respiratory system

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

digestive system

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.

urinary system

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

reproductive system

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)

median plane/midsaggital plane

divides the body into equal left and right halves

frontal plane

Divides the body into front and back portions.

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right (dosent have to be even)

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

midline

An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline

distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior/ventral

front of the body

posterior/dorsal

back of body

cranial cavity

contains the brain

dorsal cavity

includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

pericardial cavity

contains the heart

pleural cavity

contains the lungs

Mediastinum

space between the lungs

know anatomy and phsyiology

ok

ok

peri-

surrounding

-itis

inflammation

tatchy-

fast

brady-

slow

-logist

one who studies

supine position

lying on back, facing upward

ruq, luq, llq, rlq

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant, and right lower quadrant

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

tendons

Connect muscle to bone

ligaments

bone to bone

appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

bone process

enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments (dosent just apply to skull its everywhere !!)

brachi/o

arm

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

osteo/o

bone

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

arthr/o

articulation, joint

use of a needle to puncure a joint space and remove fluid is what

Arthrocentesis

diagnostic tests that use electromagnetic field and radio waves

EMG (electromyography)

skull bones

cranium + jaw

clavicle

collar bone

sternum is located where

Middle of the ribcage on the front

scapula

shoulder blade

vertebrae

26 small bones that make up your backbone

the arm is made of which bones

humerus, radius, ulna

the hand is made of what bones

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

pelvis

hip bone

leg is made up of what bones

femur tibia fibula

femur

thigh bone

tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

fibula

calf bone

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

ulna

the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm

foot is made up of what bones

calcaneus, talus, tarsals, phalanges

calcaneus

heel bone

my.o

muscle

flex/o

bend

fasci/o

fascia, fibrous band

electromyogram

record of the electrical activity in a muscle

Hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

frontalis

forehead

platysma

depresses mandible

biceps

Front of upper arm

triceps

Back of upper arm

brachioradialis

flexes forearm at elbow

rectus abdominus

abs

quads

leg extension

vastus medialis

extends knee

lateralis

toward the side

sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at the hip; flexes knee

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexes and inverts foot

gastrocenmius

plantar flexion

achilles tendon

attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone

albinism

Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

alopecia

hair loss

keloid

overgrowth of scar tissue

derm/o

skin

melan/o

black, dark

psor/o

itching

where are the skin follicles located

dermis

what is responsible for skin pigmentation

melanin/melanocytes

melanocytes vs melanin

produce melanin vs. pigment in hair and skin made by melanocytes

why do we do scratch tests/intradermal skin tests

allergies