Formulae

Nitrate

NO₃⁻

Sulfate

SO₄²⁻

Carbonate

CO₃²⁻

Hydrogencarbonate

HCO₃⁻

Hydroxide

OH⁻

Hydride

H⁻

Phosphate

PO₄³⁻

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

Nitric acid

HNO₃

Phosphoric acid

H₃PO₄

Substance + oxygen

Substance + oxygen → oxides

(e.g. 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO)

Metal + water 

Metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen 

(e.g. 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂)

Metal + acid 

Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen 

(e.g. Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂)

Oxide + acid

Oxide + acid → salt + water

(e.g. MgO + 2HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂O)

Hydorxide + acid

Hydroxide + acid → salt + water

(e.g. 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O)

Carbonate + acid

Carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide

(e.g. CuCO₃ + 2HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂)

Hydrogencarbonate + acid

Hydrogencarbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide

(e.g. KHCO₃ + HCl → KCl + H₂O + CO₂)

Ammonia + acid 

Ammonia + acid → ammonium salt

(e.g. NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl)

Metal carbonate (thermal decomposition)

Metal carbonate → metal oxide + carbon dioxide

(e.g. CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂)