anatomy 1: pectoral girdle and upper limb tables

muscles of the pectoral girdle

• pectoralis major

• pectoralis minor

• subclavius

• serratus anterior

• trapezius

• latissimus dorsi

• levator scapulae

• rhomboid minor and major

• deltoid

• supraspinatus

• infraspinatus

• teres minor/major

• subscapularis

pectoralis major

• medial attachment

  • clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

  • sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

• lateral attachment: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

pectoralis minor

• medial attachment: 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

• lateral attachment: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

subclavius

• medial attachment: junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

• lateral attachment: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

serratus anterior

• medial attachment: external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

• lateral attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

trapezius

• medial attachment: medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

• lateral attachment: lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

latissimus dorsi

• medial attachment: spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

• lateral attachment: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

levator scapulae

• medial attachment: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

• lateral attachment: medial border of scapula superior to root of spine

rhomboid minor and major

• medial attachment

  • minor: nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae

  • major: spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

• lateral attachment

  • minor: triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

  • major: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

deltoid

• proximal attachment: lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

• distal attachment: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

supraspinatous

• proximal attachment: supraspinous fossa of scapula

• distal attachment: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatous

• proximal attachment: infraspinaous fossa of scapula

• distal attachment: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor

• proximal attachment: middle part of lateral border of scapula

• distal attachment: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

teres major

• proximal attachment: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

• distal attachment: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

subscapularis

• proximal attachment: subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)

• distal attachment: lesser tubercle of humerus

muscles of upper arm

• biceps brachii

• brachialis

• coracobracialis

• triceps brachii

• anconeus

biceps brachii

• proximal attachment

  • short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

• distal attachment

  • tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

brachialis

• proximal attachment: distal half of anterior surface of humerus

• distal attachment: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

coracobrachialis

• proximal attachment: tip of coracoid process of scapula

• distal attachment: middle third of medial surface of humerus

triceps brachii

• proximal attachment

  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

  • lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove

  • medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

• distal attachment

  • proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

anconeus

• proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle of humerus

• distal attachment: lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

anterior, superficial forearm muscles

• pronator teres

• flexor carpi radialis

• palmaris longus

• flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral and ulnar head)

pronator teres

• proximal attachment

  • ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

  • humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus

• distal attachment: middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius

flexor carpi radialis

• proximal attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus

• distal attachment: base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal

palmaris longus

• proximal attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus

• distal attachment: distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

flexor carpi ulnaris

• proximal attachment: olecranon and posterior border (via aponeurosis)

• distal attachment: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

anterior, intermediate forearm muscles

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum superficialis

• proximal attachment

  • humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

  • radial head: oblique line of radius

• distal attachment

  • shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

deep, anterior forearm muscles

• flexor digitorum profundus

• flexor pollicis longus

• pronator quadratus

flexor digitorum profundus

• proximal attachment: proximal ¾ of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

• distal attachment: bases of distal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits

flexor pollicis longus

• proximal attachment: anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

• distal attachment: base of distal phalanx of thumb

pronator quadratus

• proximal attachment: distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna

• distal attachment: distal quarter of anterior surface of radius

superficial, posterior forearm muscles

• brachioradialis

• extensor carpi radialis longus

• extensor carpi radialis brevis

• extensor digitorum

• extensor digiti minimi

• extensor carpi ulnaris

brachioradialis

• proximal attachment: proximal 2/3 of lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

• distal attachment: lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process