MGT 164 Final [UCSD] Mckay

What does applying incentives do to people when it comes to work? [D. Pink]

-Dulls Thinking

-Blocks Creativity

-Does harm instead of good

When does adding incentives work? [D. Pink]

-Simple set of rules

-Clear destination to go to

What do rewards do in nature?[D. Pink]

Narrow our focus and concentrate the mind restricting our possibilities.

What are the trends regarding jobs involving simple sets of rules and a clear destination? [D. Pink]

Getting automated, getting outsourced. It is moving to the right brain, to more difficult and creative problems.

3 Elements for success [D. Pink] (PAM)

Purpose - Do what we do for the purpose of something larger than ourselves

Autonomy - Urge to direct our own lives. Self discretion works best for engagement

Mastery - Desire to get better and better at something that matters

Intrinsic Motivators & Extrinsic Motivators [D. Pink]

Intrinsic - We wanna do something because we like it, it is interesting, or it is important.

Extrinsic - What our marketplace is built on.

According to the Heaths Brothers, what is cited as an example of emotionally motivating people for change? [Heaths]

The Glove Shrine

In the metaphor of the Rider and the Elephant, what does the Rider represent? [Heaths]

Rider is rational brain.

What role does the elephant play in the metaphor of the Rider and the Elephant? [Heaths]

Elephant is emotional brain.

Why is it important to put feelings first to motivate the Elephant? [Heaths]

Put feelings first to motivate the elephant when shaping the path.

What does the metaphorical Rider and Elephant disagreement highlight? [Heaths]

Rider holds the reins and takes the lead, but the rider is so small that the elephant will win in disagreements. Heart and mind often disagree.

Why might change efforts fail and what is suggested as a strategy for dealing with resistance that might look like a lack of clarity? [Heaths]

Change efforts fail due to elephant rider can think long term. Elephant - Instinct, love compassion. Direct the rider (Rational), if looks like resistance can often be a lack of clarity. Motivate the elephant (Emotional), often exhaustion not laziness.

How does shaping the path relate to making change more likely? [Heaths]

Situation is the path, people problem can usually be situational problem. If you shape the path you make change more likely by addressing situational problems.

What are somethings people want from their leaders? [Goffee and Jones] (CASE)

Community, Authenticity, Significance, Exicitement

What qualities do real leaders possess? [Goffee and Jones]

True self-confidence, Integrity, and skilled in communication that act in ways consistent with their values and can inspire people to levels of commitment.

According to [Goffee and Jones] how can leaders demonstrate authenticity?

Show that you're human by selectively revealing weakness.

How does being a "sensor" relate to leadership authenticity? [Goffee and Jones]

You collect soft people data allowing you to rely on intuition.

How does [Goffee and Jones] suggest leaders manage employees in terms of empathy?

With tough empathy, being passionate about employees and their work.

What is the key message to leaders regarding authenticity from [Goffee and Jones] ?

Dare to be different and capitalize on uniqueness.

What is the significance of defining moments at work? [Badaracco]

They build character. Defining moments bring "opposites" and "feelings" together into vivic focus. They force us to find a balance between our hearts in all their idealism and our jobs in all their messy reality.

How does the concept of defining moments relate to personal growth? [Badaracco]

They aren't intellectual exercises, but provide opportunities for inspired action and personal growth.

What is cognitive dissonance?[Badaracco]

A state of tension that occurs whenever a person holds two cognitions (ideas, attitudes, beliefs, opinions) that are psychologically inconsistent.

Your brain's way of protecting you from a life to self-doubt, regret and unhappiness. A way to sleep better at night.

How does cognitive dissonance relate to holding two psychologically inconsistent cognitions? [Badaracco]

Dissonance produces mental discomfort... People don't rest easy until they find a way to reduce it.

What can we learn from a Roman Emperor, Philosopher, Priest, and Judge who lived over 2000 years ago?

- Find a place and a time for quiet thinking to prepare for your day

-Search for lived truths. Ethical standards found in everyday life. Learn from all you can form the lives and experiences of people you know.

-Live your own life, no one else's.

How can one become a vicarious learner? [Badaracco]

By searching for lived truths in everyday life and learning from others.

What is referred to as the "black box of productivity"? [Campbell]

The Brain

What are the 2 conditions that contribute to bad decisions? [Campbell]

- Pattern Recognition | Failure to recognize information as its presented to us because we think we recognize a pattern that we have understood before

- Emotional Tagging | Emotional Information attaching to thoughts and experiences stored in memory. Leak warning system to alert our brain to pay attention ... or not

What role does pattern recognition play in decision making? [Campbell]

We analyze using patterns and decide using emotion - almost simultaneously. We leap to conclusions and are reluctant to consider alternatives.

According to [Campbell] what are the three factors that lead to bad judgements by good leaders?

-Presence of inappropriate self interest | First and most family of the three: our Self interest leads us to see patterns we want to see.

- Presence of distorting attachments - We become attracted to people, places and things that affect our judgement.

- Presence of misleading memories - "The last time I had an opportunity like this"

How can leaders counteract red flags? [Campbell]

-Inject fresh experience or analysis

-Introduce further debate and challenge

-Impose strong governance.

Where do secrets to high performance lie? [Campbell]

In the ability to mastering the brain, human kind's greatest asset.

What is the key message conveyed by the statement "Act like a leader, think like a leader"? [Ibarra]

Leaders should should align their actions and thoughts

How can a too-rigid definition of authenticity hinder effective leadership? [Ibarra]

It can get in the way of effective leadership.

What challenges arise in being true to oneself in various roles played in life? [Ibarra]

We novel and transform ourselves with experiences in new roles.

What is emphasized regarding maintaining strict coherence between feelings and actions? [Ibarra]

You lose credibility and and effectiveness as a leader if you disclose everything you think and feel especially when you are unproven.

What does "Making values-based choices" Mean? [Ibarra]

When we move into bigger roles, values that were shaped by past experiences can lead us astray. Tight control over operating details might produce authenticity but wrong headed behavior in the face of new challenges.

What does True North represent in the context of leadership? [George]

Your most cherished values, passions and motivations, the sources of satisfaction in your life.

What does your True North direct you to in the realm of leadership? [George]

Directing the purpose of your leadership

Why is following your "internal compass" important in leadership? [George]

Your leadership becomes authentic and people naturally want to associate with you.

What are the 5 principles of your True North?[George]

-Self Awareness

-Values

-Motivations

-Support Team

-Integrated life

How might your life story lead you to the purpose of your leadership? [George]

Identifying connections between personal experiences and leadership purpose.

How might your values influence you as a leader? [George]

Play a crucial role in shaping leadership decisions and actions.

Can you have both motivation and personal success or would there be conflict? [George]

Yes, you can have both without conflict

Where are you most true to the real you? Where do you most feel most like an imposter? [George]

Identifying areas of authenticity and imposter feelings, and reconciling the difference is crucial.

What role does Clark play?

Rugby Coach

How does Clark set expectations for players on the rugby team?

By setting clear expectations for leadership development.

What do all team members on the rugby team have access too?

Leadership development

What is emphasized in terms of constant performance improvement for the rugby team?

Performance and Teamship.

How is the team dynamic described for the rugby team?

One fail, all fail.

What is the central focus of leadership? [Kotter]

Leading organizational change

How is change described in the context of leadership? [Kotter]

A personal and individual process

What is [Kotter]'s 8 steps to change?

-Create urgency

-Form a powerful coalition

-Create a vision for change (Creating the climate for change)

-Communicate the vision

-Empower Action

-Create Quick Wins

(engaging and enabling the organization)

-Build on the change

-Make it stick (implementing and sustaining for change)

KOTTER: 8 LIKELY ERRORS

1. Not enough urgency

2. Guiding coalition with too little power

3. Lacking a vision

4. Under-communicating the vision

5. Failure to remove obstacles

6. Failure to create short-term wins

7. Declaring victory too soon

8. Failure to anchor change to culture

What are highly successful organizations good at doing?[Kotter]

Embracing the new and focusing on bigger leaps.

How should behavior change be approached? [Kotter]

Change behavior through influencing feelings.

Rather than Analysis, Think Change, its better to... [Kotter]

See, Feel, Change

What do most people believe about themselves in terms of doing wrong things?[Nohria]

They won't do wrong things.

What is the central challenge regarding moral behavior? [Nohria]

Understanding how we can help people stay true to their moral compass.

Why does the speaker mention a crises of leadership? [Deresiewicz]

We have grown complacent, and have only been trainings leaders to keep the routing going.

What is emphasized as a requirement for real thinks and leaders? [Deresiewicz]

Need real thinkers with beliefs of their own. (Requires solitude, Solitude to think).

Why do we have the need for solitude in leadership? [Deresiewicz]

Without solitude you can't concentrate on one thing long enough to find a solution.

What is involved in the idea of friendship? [Deresiewicz]

Involves intimate conversations that allow for "discovering what you believe in the course of articulating it"

How is intimate conversation described in leadership? [Deresiewicz]

Intimate conversations are like thinking out loud. Equal parts familar and original. Trusting and Daring. Leadership requires deep personal conviction that comes from solitude in all forms, including the intimacy of friendship.

According to Simons, what does creative tension in organizations promote? [Deresiewicz]

Spur innovation, rouse people from comfortable ruts, and motivate toward action.

How is creative tension described in the context of leadership and the future?[Deresiewicz]

A state where leaders learn to live comfortably. Creative tension between the enormity of the task of leadership and the inspiration of the opportunity for a better future.

What is creative tension? [Deresiewicz]

Felt pressure- pressure from the market that motivates performance and creates uncertainty and mild discomfort.

How does [Deresiewicz] describe leadership?

Courage to act, experiment, take risks, motivate, spur innovation, and engage others to seek their potential and find greatness.

IBARRA: AUTHENTICITY PARADOX

1. Be true to yourself

2. maintain strict coherence between what you feel and what you say/do

3. Make values based choices

What is crucial for great leaders in adapting to opportunities?

Ability to recognize and adapt to opportunities created by a particular moment

Who is associated with Zappos and is known for emphasizing exceptional customer service?

Tony Hsieh

Zappos

Company that invested time, money, and resources into customer service, company culture, and employee training

According to Vossoughi, what does culture serve as for organizations? [Christensen & Shu]

a tool

What advice does Vossoughi give regarding customer relationships and cultural DNA? [Christensen & Shu]

Know your customer and know your cultural DNA. These can help create authentic meaningful experiences for those customers who are best match to your cultural DNA. Which then creates trust, long-lasting relationships, love and loyalty.

Chussil- making a list

Warns about the dangers of fraud, recommends keeping a list of unethical things to never do because it’ll be easier to keep to morals. “slippery slope” of going downhill towards bad stuff, one little thing at a time.

Chamorro-Premuzic

Authenticity is welcome, but curate, don’t conceal. Pick and choose the best parts of you to display so that way it’s not…gross. Boundaries between personal life and work life are vital and are used to not weaken yourself as a leader.

Satya Nadella at Microsoft

Came in during a downward spiral at Microsoft, set his sights on reforming the existing hierarchy and pecking order. Turned it into a focus group to share opinions, debate and argument, and the growth mindset. focus on cultural reset.

Joly et al

The culture at netflix: culture of candor and constant employee feedback that sunshined mistakes. Called in talent density that did not allow in “brilliant jerks”. Adequate performance gets cut, only high performers were kept. Unlimited vacation, ultimate transparency and challenge. Lots of firing

Meyer on the culture at netflix

No rules rules, focus on talent density and hiring ten talented people and paying them extremely well rather than hiring lots of people and treating them like kids. Success of the org comes from getting rid of management control.

According to Elliot Aronson, what concept does the Pyramid of Choice represent? [Aronson]

Ambivalence transformed to certainty.

What does the TOP of the pyramid of choice involve? [Aronson]

2 people with close cognition (ethical standards) choose different paths when faced with a dilemma. Their choices create discomfort.

What does the BOTTOM of the pyramid of choice involve? [Aronson]

2 people with opposite and fiercely defended cognition, and less mental discomfort.

According to [Aronson], what tendency do thinking humans almost always exhbit?

Justify ourselves and our behavior.

What is crucial for great leaders in adapting to opportunities? [Nohria]

By their ability to recognize and adapt to opportunities created by a particular moment.

Abe Lincoln Anecdote

when he was a lawyer, he politely refused a number of bribes until he violently threw the man away. when asked why he changed his reaction so much, he responded, “he came close to my price”

Describe Schein’s Iceberg

Top- Artifacts (things you can see and touch)

Middle- Espoused values

Bottom- Basic assumptions, underlying core beliefs that are not expressed

Culture is…

the “secret sauce” and will trump strategy every single time