Energy Terminology in Animal Nutrition

These flashcards cover essential energy terminology and concepts presented in the lecture on animal nutrition.

What does GE stand for and what does it represent?

GE stands for Gross Energy, which is the total energy present in the feed.

How is Digestible Energy (DE) calculated?

DE is calculated by taking Gross Energy and subtracting fecal energy from it.

What is Metabolizable Energy (ME)?

ME is the energy that remains after subtracting fecal, urine, and gaseous losses from Gross Energy.

What is Net Energy (NE)?

NE is the usable portion of Metabolizable Energy after subtracting the heat increment lost during digestion, fermentation, and metabolism.

What gas is primarily lost in the form of gaseous energy from cows?

Methane is the primary gas released by cows that represents a loss in gaseous energy.

What is TDN and how is it estimated?

TDN stands for Total Digestible Nutrients and is estimated through the sum of digestible crude protein, digestible NDF, digestible NFC, and digestible fat multiplied by 2.25.

What is the difference between forage and silage?

Forage is plant-based feed that animals graze on, while silage is fermented and preserved forage.

What are concentrates in animal nutrition?

Concentrates are feeds that are high in energy, high in protein, and have low fiber content.

What are byproducts in animal feed?

Byproducts are waste products from various industries that are repurposed as animal feed, such as distillers grains and citrus pulp.

What is the first step in ration formulation?

The first step is to determine the nutrient requirements based on the animal's physiological stage and body weight.

Why is cost an important factor in ration formulation?

Cost is important because feeding constitutes about 80% of the total investment on a farm, necessitating a balance between nutrient quality and affordability.

Where do we find updated nutrient requirements for livestock?

Updated nutrient requirements for livestock are found in books such as 'Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle' and other research publications.

What is the second step in ration formulation?

The second step involves analyzing available feedstuffs to determine their nutrient composition and cost.

What is the third step in ration formulation?

The third step is balancing the ingredients to formulate a ration that meets the animal's specific nutrient requirements while considering economic factors.

What is the final step in ration formulation?

The final step is to evaluate the formulated ration for palatability, anti-nutritional factors, and overall effectiveness, making adjustments as needed.