DC Psychology Ch. 14 Part 2

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72 Terms

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biochemical abnormality

Disturbance in brain’s chemical systems or in the brain’s neurotransmitters; biochemical explanations of schizophrenia have focused on excessive amounts of dopamine and glutamate

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dopamine

neurotransmitter involved with emotions and muscle movement; works in the limbic system; may be related to schizophrenia

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computed tomography (CT) scan

computer enhanced x-ray of brain or body; CT scans show schizophrenic brains as having wider surface fissures

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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

computer enhanced three-dimensional image of brain or body; based on magnetic field; MRIs show schizophrenic brains as having enlarged

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positron emission tomography (PET) scan

computer-generated color image of brain activity; radioactive sugar solution is injected into the brain: activity is abnormally low in frontal lobes of schizophrenics

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organic psychosis

psychosis caused by brain injury or disease

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dementia

most common organic psychosis; serious mental impairment in old age accused by brain deterioration; known as at times senility

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alzheimer’s disease

most common cause of dementia; symptoms include impaired memory, confusion, and progressive loss of mental abilities; Ronald Reagan is one of the most famous Alzheimer’s victims

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erotomanic type

in this disorder, people have erotic delusions that they are loved by another person, especially by someone famous or of higher status; some celebrity stalkers suffer from erotomania

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grandiose type

in this case people suffer from the delusion that they have some great, unrecognizable talent, knowledge, or insight; they may also believe that they have a special relationship with an important person or with God or that they are a famous person (if the famous person is alive, the deluded person regards her or him as an imposter)

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persecutory type

delusions of persecution involve belief that you are being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned, maligned, or harassed

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somatic type

people suffering from somatic delusions typically believe that their bodies are diseased or rotting, or infested, with insects or parasites, or that parts of their bodies are defective

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stress disorder

occurs when streses outside range of normal human experience cause major emotional disturbance. Symptoms include reliving traumatic event repeatedly, avoiding reminders of the event, and numbing of emotions

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acute stress disorder

psychological disturbance lasting up to one month following stresses from a traumatic event

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acute stress

symptoms last less than 1 month

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dissociative amnesia

inability to recall one’s name, address, or past; memory loss is partial or complete for personal information

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dissociative fugue

sudden travel away from home and confusion about personal identity

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hypochondriasis

person is preoccupied with fears of having a serious illness or disease; interpret normal sensations and bodily signs as proof that they have a terrible disease; no physical disorder can be found

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somatization disorder

person expresses anxieties through numerous physical complaints; many doctors are consulted, but no organic or physical cause can be found

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pain disorder

pain that has no identifiable organic, physical cause, but appears to have psychological origin

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conversion disorder

severe emotional conflicts are “converted” into physical symptoms or a physical disability; caused by anxiety or emotional distress but not by physical causes

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glove anesthesia

loss of sensitivity in areas of skin normal covered by a glove

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munchausen syndrome

an affected person fakes the medical problems of themselves in order to gain attention; also called factitious disorder

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munchausen by proxy disorder

an affected person fakes the medical problems of someone in his or her care in order to gain attention; also called factitious disorder

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exaggerating existing symptoms

even when an actual medical or psychological condition exists, they may exaggerate symptoms to appear sicker or more impaired that is true

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making up histories

they may give loved ones, health care professionals, or support groups a false medical history, such as claiming to have had cancer or AIDS or they may falsify medical records to indicate an illness

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faking symptoms

they may fake symptoms, such as stomach pain, seizures or passing out

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causing self-harm

they may make themselves sick, for example, by injecting themselves with bacteria, milk, gasoline, or feces; they may injure, cut or burn themselves; they may take medication, such as blood thinners or drugs for diabetes, to mimic diseases; they may also interfere with wound healing such as reopening of infecting or infecting cuts

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tampering

they may manipulate medical instrument to skew results, such as heating up thermometers, tamper with lab tests, such as contaminating their urine samples with blood or other substances

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avoidance learning

when making a particular response delays or prevents the onset of a painful or unpleasant stimulus

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anxiety reduction hypothesis

when reward of immediate relief from anxiety perpetuates self-defeating avoidance behaviors

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cognitive

when distorted thinking causes people to magnify ordinary threats and failures. leading to anxiety and distress

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ASPP definition

a person who lacks a conscience (superego); typically, emotional shallow, impulsive, selfish, and manipulative toward others; often called psychopaths or sociopaths

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antisocial personality disorder

difficult to treat, but there is NOT a decline in antisocial behavior a year or two after adolescence; create a good first impression and are often charming; they may cheat their way through life; they are blind to signs of disgust in other people; possibly caused by neglect, physical abuse, and under arousal of the brain; very difficult to effectively treat; will lie, charm, and manipulate their way through therapy

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mass murder

four or more murders occurring during a particular event with no “cooling-off” period between the murders; this murder typically occurs in a single location in which a number of victims are killed by an individual or more; these murderers have a clear agenda; higher the death toll means the better the job was done; typically ends with death of perpetrator either by suicide or killed by law enforcement

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cooling-off period

a time-out from murder for a serial killer; during this time, a serial killer disappears from the public eye and resumes his/her seemingly normal routine and life; serial predators reemerge from a cooling-off period to strike again when the urge to kill becomes overwhelming to them; a serial killer may not even understand his/her compulsion to kill but knows that it is both undeniable to uncontrollable when the urge arises

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spree murderers

much like a serial killer; characteristics- kills more that one person at two or more locations, happens quickly (with no cooling off period), killer is constantly moving (hiding, running, planning) and often ends with suicide

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serial killer

a series of three or more killings, not less than one of which was committed within the United States; having common characteristics such as to suggest the reasonable possibility that the crimes were committed by the same unub (unidentified subject)

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common serial killer profile

a caucasian male, between the ages of 18-40, likely a victim of child abuse, and has exhibited signs of the “homicidal triad”

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homicidal triad

also called the Triad of Sociopathy or the McDonald Triad; includes animal abuse, arson, and bed wetting past toddler age

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the aura phase

where the killer begins losing grip on reality

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the trolling phase

when the killer searches for a victim

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the wooing phase

where the killer lures his victim in

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the capture phase

where the victim is entrapped

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the murder or totem phase

the emotional high for killers

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the depression phase

which occurs after the killing; when this sets in, it triggers the phases into beginning again

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modus operandi

method of operations

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signature

the murderer’s psychological calling card; unusual characteristics of a murder that are repeated at several crime scenes

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necrophilia

sex with the dead

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cannibalism

eating human parts

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Jefrey Dahmer

22 on scale of evil, sentenced to 937 years, necrophilia and cannibalism,

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Ted Bundy

went to Chi Omega at Florida State

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David Ray Parker

toy box killer, 22 on scale of evil, $100,000 toy box, daughter captured victims for him

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BTK

bind, torture, kill

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organized crime scenes

planned, victim targeted, personalizes victims, controlled conversations, controlled crime scene, submissive victim, restraints used, aggressive acts, body is moved, weapon is taken, little evidence

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disorganized crime scenes

spontaneous event, victim unknown, depersonalizes victim, minimal conversation, chaotic crime scene, sudden violence, no restraints, sex after death, body not moved, weapon left, physical evidence

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trophies or souvenirs

jewelry, clothing, drivers license, or body parts

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John Wayne Gacy

killed homosexual boys

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Jack the Ripper

to this day, he/she is unidentified

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Zodiac Killer

America’s unsolved serial killer

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adjustment disorders

when ongoing stressors cause emotional disturbance and push people beyond their ability to effectively cope

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panic disorder w/ agoraphobia

a chronic stat of anxiety and brief moments of sudden panic; the person fears that these panic attacks will occur in public places or unfamiliar situations

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panic disorder w/o agoraphobia

a chronic state of anxiety with brief moments of sudden, intense, unexpected panic (panic attack)

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agoraphobia w/ panic disorder

intense, irrational fear that a panic attack will occur in a public place or in an unfamiliar situation

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agoraphobia w/o panic disorder

fear that something extremely embarrassing will happen if one leaves the house or enters unfamiliar situations

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psychodynamic (freud)

anxiety caused by conflicts among id, ego and superego; anxiety disorder that is the end result of a loss of meaning

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Gypsy Rose Blanchard

a victim of munchausens by proxy disorder, daughter of Dee Dee Blanchard, sentenced to 10 years

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Dee Dee Blanchard

had munchausens syndrome, mother of Gypsy Rose Blanchard

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Charles Manson

convicted serial killer; cult leader; believed that he did not kill anyone but he commanded the killings

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Dr. Kevorkian

also known as Dr. Death; assisted suicide

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Rodney Alcala

was on the show The Dating Game

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post traumatic stress disorder

last more than 1 month