The Skin and Accessory Structures

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the integumentary system, focusing on the functions, structures, and cells associated with skin and accessory structures.

Dermis

The underlying layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and sensory receptors.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, primarily made of epithelial tissue, consisting of multiple strata.

Keratinocytes

The predominant cells in the epidermis that produce keratin, providing skin toughness and protection.

Melanocytes

Cell types in the epidermis that produce melanin, responsible for skin pigmentation and UV protection.

Dendritic cells

Immune cells found in the epidermis that play a role in skin immunity.

Hypodermis

The subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis, composed of adipose and connective tissue, serving to insulate and protect underlying structures.

Dermal papillae

Small, nipple-like projections in the dermis that enhance surface area for nutrient exchange with the epidermis.

Sebaceous glands

Glands in the skin that secrete sebum, a waterproofing agent, primarily associated with hair follicles.

Eccrine glands

Sweat glands distributed all over the body responsible for thermoregulation and waste removal.

Apocrine glands

Sweat glands located in specific regions, becoming active at puberty; associated with odor.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead keratinized cells that provide a barrier.

Stratum basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs, containing stem cells.

Collagen

A protein in the dermis that provides strength and structure to the skin.

Elastin

A protein that allows skin to resume its shape after stretching, providing elasticity.

UV radiation

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which can damage skin cells but is partially mitigated by melanin.

Alopecia

An autoimmune condition that leads to hair loss by attacking hair follicles.

Cyanosis

A bluish skin discoloration resulting from insufficient oxygen in the blood.

Hyperpigmentation

Darkened areas of skin, often due to increased melanin production, commonly seen as age spots.