Chapter 17 Pharmacology

meds and treatments

Antiherpes agent endings

clovir

how do Antiherpes agent work

by either interfering with dna synthesis

what to anti-influenza agent typically end in

-vir

how do Ani-Influenza agents (-vir) work

inhibits an enzyme that is needed for gene transcription of the flu virus

what are amantadine and zanamivir for (anti-influenza agents)

prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A

how do integrase inhibitors work

blocks the action if integrase, an enzyme need for HIV to reproduce

dolutegravir (gen)

Tivicay (brand)

elvitegravir (gen)

Vitekta (brand)

Give 3 examples of integrase inhibitors

raltebravir, dolutegravir and elvitegravir

what is a Chemokine Coreceptor antagonist?

maraviroc

maraviroc (gen)

Celsentri (brand)

what is the risk of using a Chemokine Coreceptor antagonist

hepatotoxicity with allergic features, monitor closely for infection

how do Chemokine Coreceptor antagonist work

by preventing HIV from attaching and entering into immune cells

what is an example of a fusion inhibitor

enfuvirtide

what does a fusion inhibitor do

prevents HIV from entering the immune cells

enfuvirtide (gen)

fuzeon (brand)

what is the risk of enfuvirtide (fusion inhibitor)

hypersensitivity reactions and pneumonia; not appropriate for treatment-naïve patients

examples of protease inhibitors

saquinavir, tipranavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir

how do protease inhibitors work

Decrease formation of the protease enzyme, which severs certain HIV protein precursors necessary for the formation of new infectious virions

atazanavir (gen)

re yataz (brand)

darunavir (gen)

prezista (brand)

lopinavir-
ritonavir (gen)

Kaletra (brand)

sanquinavir (gen)

Invirase (brand)

tipranavir (gen)

aptivus (brand)

How do NNRTIs work

they inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase by obstructing the enzymes mechanical action

etravirine (gen)

Intelence (brand)

ripivirine (gen)

Edurant (brand)

nevirapine (gen)

Edurant (brand)

delavirdine (gen)

rescriptor (brand)

efavirenz (gen)

Sustiva (brand)

what drug class are tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread), zidovudine (Retrovir) in

NtRTI

what are special considerations of an NtRTI (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)

kidney-related; side effects include dizziness, depression, skin rash, dyslipidemia

How is zidovudine (an NRTI) most commonly used?

Used in a combination with lamivudine a PI (protease inhibitor) for needlestick or sexual exposure; side effects include diarrhea, GI pain, nausea, rash, anemia

what drug class is abacavir (ziagen)

NRTI

what drug class is emtricitabine, Lamivudine (gen) in

NRTI

what are special characteristics of abacavir (NRTI)

one of the few HIV drugs that penetrate the CNS

What are the cautions and considerations of abacavir (NRTI)?

increased toxicity when combined with alcohol, risk of hypersensitivity reactions

What are the special characteristics of emtricitabine and Lamivudine?

Emtricitabine: an NRTI; may discolor the skin
Lamivudine: an NRTI; may precipitate pancreatitis, used to treat HIV and chronic hepatitis B

How do NRTIs and NtRTIs work

inhibit reverse transcriptase which prevents the formation of a DNA copy of viral DNA

define retrovirus

Uses RNA as its genetic material

what is reverse transcriptase

The enzyme retroviruses use to become part of the host’s DNA

what are AIDS

Syndrome which occurs when patients have advanced and severe forms of HIV *Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

famciclovir (gen)

Famvir (brand)

how do Antiherpes agents work

Interferes with DNA synthesis

valganciclovir (gen)

Valcyte (brand)

Ganciclovir (gen)

Cytovene (brand)

what two Antiherpes agents are considered hazardous drugs

Ganciclovir and valganciclovir

amantadine (gen)

Symmetrel (brand)

what do amantadine and zanamivir do?

prophylaxis and treatment of Influenza A

zanamivir (gen)

Relenza (brand)

What is Palivizumab (Synagis) used for

prevention of lung infections caused by RSV

what is ribavirin (Virazole) used for

treatment of RSV

what is the different between ribavirin and palivizumab therapeutic used

Synagis prevents lung infections caused by RSV and Virazole treats RSV

what is oseltamivir (Tamiflu) used for

influenza

what is valacyclovir (Valtrex) used for

herpes

what is zanamivir (Relenza) used for

influenza

what is a virus?

An infectious agent smaller than a bacterium, not a whole-
cell organism

what is an individual virus particle called

virion

what is the different between an acute and a chronic viral infection

acute quickly resolves and chronic is longer with periods of remission

what is an Immunoglobulin

A type of antibody produced by host cell B
lymphocytes

what is an interferon

Induces production of proteins which may disrupt viral replication or prevent spread to uninfected cells

antiherpes agent acyclovir brand name

Zovirax

antiherpes agent famciclovir brand name

Famvir

what dietary restrictions may affect famciclovir

dairy/ milk sensitivities

antiherpes agent valacyclovir brand name

Valtrex

antiherpes agent valganciclovir brand name

Valcyte

antiherpes agent ganiciclovir brand name

Cytovene

anti-influenza agent baloxavir marboxil brand name

Xofluza

anti-influenza agent oseltamivir brand name

Tamiflu

anti-influenza agent amantadine brand name

Symmetrel

anti-influenza agent zanamivir brand name

Relenza

anti-influenza agent palivizumab brand name

Synagis

anti-influenza agent ribavirin brand name

Virazole

NRTI/NtRTI abacavir brand name

Ziagen

NRTI/NtRTI agent lamivudine brand name

3TC

NRTI/NtRTI agent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate brand name

Viread

NRTI/NtRTI agent zidovudine brand name

Retrovir

NNTRI delavirdine brand name

Rescriptor

NNTRI efavirenz brand name

Sustiva

NNTRI etravirine brand name

Intelence

NNTRI nevirapine brand name

Viramune

NNTRI rilpivirine brand name

Edurant

Protease Inhibitor atazanavir brand name

Reyataz

Protease Inhibitor darunavir brand name

Prezista

who cannot take darunavir

those with a sulfa allergy

Protease Inhibitor lopinavir-ritonavir brand name

Kaletra

Protease Inhibitor saquinavir brand name

Invirase **must be taken with ritonavir*

Protease Inhibitor tipranavir brand name

Aptvus

Fusion Inhibitor efuvirtide brand name

Fuzeon

Chemokine coreceptor antagonist maraviroc brand name

Celsentri

integrase inhibitor dolutegravir brand name

Tivicay

integrase inhibitor elviregravir brand name

Vitekta

integrase inhibitor raltegravir brand name

Isentress

Combivir is a combination of what

Lamivudine-zidovudine

Stribild is a combination of what

Elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir

Truvada is a combination of what

Emtricitabine-tenofovir

what is Andrographis used for

lessens influenza symptoms within 36-48 hours

*Interacts with anticoagulants, blood pressure and immunosuppressants

what is colloidal silver used for

topically and orally for infections

what may elderberry used for

acts as a immune booster