Chapter 17 Pharmacology

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meds and treatments

99 Terms

1
Antiherpes agent endings
clovir
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2

how do Antiherpes agent work

by either interfering with dna synthesis

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3
what to anti-influenza agent typically end in
-vir
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4
how do Ani-Influenza agents (-vir) work
inhibits an enzyme that is needed for gene transcription of the flu virus
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5

what are amantadine and zanamivir for (anti-influenza agents)

prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A

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6
how do integrase inhibitors work
blocks the action if integrase, an enzyme need for HIV to reproduce
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7
dolutegravir (gen)
Tivicay (brand)
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8
elvitegravir (gen)
Vitekta (brand)
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9

Give 3 examples of integrase inhibitors

raltebravir, dolutegravir and elvitegravir

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10
what is a Chemokine Coreceptor antagonist?
maraviroc
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11
maraviroc (gen)
Celsentri (brand)
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12
what is the risk of using a Chemokine Coreceptor antagonist
hepatotoxicity with allergic features, monitor closely for infection
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13
how do Chemokine Coreceptor antagonist work
by preventing HIV from attaching and entering into immune cells
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14
what is an example of a fusion inhibitor
enfuvirtide
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15
what does a fusion inhibitor do
prevents HIV from entering the immune cells
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16
enfuvirtide (gen)
fuzeon (brand)
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17
what is the risk of enfuvirtide (fusion inhibitor)
hypersensitivity reactions and pneumonia; not appropriate for treatment-naïve patients
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18

examples of protease inhibitors

saquinavir, tipranavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir

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19

how do protease inhibitors work

Decrease formation of the protease enzyme, which severs certain HIV protein precursors necessary for the formation of new infectious virions

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20
atazanavir (gen)
re yataz (brand)
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21
darunavir (gen)
prezista (brand)
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22
lopinavir-
ritonavir (gen)
Kaletra (brand)
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23
sanquinavir (gen)
Invirase (brand)
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24
tipranavir (gen)
aptivus (brand)
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25

How do NNRTIs work

they inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase by obstructing the enzymes mechanical action

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26
etravirine (gen)
Intelence (brand)
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27
ripivirine (gen)
Edurant (brand)
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28
nevirapine (gen)
Edurant (brand)
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29
delavirdine (gen)
rescriptor (brand)
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30
efavirenz (gen)
Sustiva (brand)
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31
what drug class are tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread), zidovudine (Retrovir) in
NtRTI
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32

what are special considerations of an NtRTI (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)

kidney-related; side effects include dizziness, depression, skin rash, dyslipidemia

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33

How is zidovudine (an NRTI) most commonly used?

Used in a combination with lamivudine a PI (protease inhibitor) for needlestick or sexual exposure; side effects include diarrhea, GI pain, nausea, rash, anemia

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34
what drug class is abacavir (ziagen)
NRTI
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35
what drug class is emtricitabine, Lamivudine (gen) in
NRTI
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36
what are special characteristics of abacavir (NRTI)
one of the few HIV drugs that penetrate the CNS
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37
What are the cautions and considerations of abacavir (NRTI)?
increased toxicity when combined with alcohol, risk of hypersensitivity reactions
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38
What are the special characteristics of emtricitabine and Lamivudine?
Emtricitabine: an NRTI; may discolor the skin
Lamivudine: an NRTI; may precipitate pancreatitis, used to treat HIV and chronic hepatitis B
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39
How do NRTIs and NtRTIs work
inhibit reverse transcriptase which prevents the formation of a DNA copy of viral DNA
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40
define retrovirus
Uses RNA as its genetic material
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41
what is reverse transcriptase
The enzyme retroviruses use to become part of the host’s DNA
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42

what are AIDS

Syndrome which occurs when patients have advanced and severe forms of HIV *Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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43
famciclovir (gen)
Famvir (brand)
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44
how do Antiherpes agents work
Interferes with DNA synthesis
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45
valganciclovir (gen)
Valcyte (brand)
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46
Ganciclovir (gen)
Cytovene (brand)
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47
what two Antiherpes agents are considered hazardous drugs
Ganciclovir and valganciclovir
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48
amantadine (gen)
Symmetrel (brand)
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49

what do amantadine and zanamivir do?

prophylaxis and treatment of Influenza A

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50
zanamivir (gen)
Relenza (brand)
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51
What is Palivizumab (Synagis) used for
prevention of lung infections caused by RSV
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52
what is ribavirin (Virazole) used for
treatment of RSV
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53
what is the different between ribavirin and palivizumab therapeutic used
Synagis prevents lung infections caused by RSV and Virazole treats RSV
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54
what is oseltamivir (Tamiflu) used for
influenza
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55
what is valacyclovir (Valtrex) used for
herpes
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56
what is zanamivir (Relenza) used for
influenza
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57
what is a virus?
An infectious agent smaller than a bacterium, not a whole-
cell organism
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58
what is an individual virus particle called
virion
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59
what is the different between an acute and a chronic viral infection
acute quickly resolves and chronic is longer with periods of remission
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60
what is an Immunoglobulin
A type of antibody produced by host cell B
lymphocytes
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61
what is an interferon
Induces production of proteins which may disrupt viral replication or prevent spread to uninfected cells
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62

antiherpes agent acyclovir brand name

Zovirax

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63

antiherpes agent famciclovir brand name

Famvir

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64

what dietary restrictions may affect famciclovir

dairy/ milk sensitivities

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65

antiherpes agent valacyclovir brand name

Valtrex

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66

antiherpes agent valganciclovir brand name

Valcyte

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67

antiherpes agent ganiciclovir brand name

Cytovene

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68

anti-influenza agent baloxavir marboxil brand name

Xofluza

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69

anti-influenza agent oseltamivir brand name

Tamiflu

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70

anti-influenza agent amantadine brand name

Symmetrel

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71

anti-influenza agent zanamivir brand name

Relenza

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72

anti-influenza agent palivizumab brand name

Synagis

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73

anti-influenza agent ribavirin brand name

Virazole

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74

NRTI/NtRTI abacavir brand name

Ziagen

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75

NRTI/NtRTI agent lamivudine brand name

3TC

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76

NRTI/NtRTI agent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate brand name

Viread

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77

NRTI/NtRTI agent zidovudine brand name

Retrovir

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78

NNTRI delavirdine brand name

Rescriptor

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79

NNTRI efavirenz brand name

Sustiva

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80

NNTRI etravirine brand name

Intelence

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81

NNTRI nevirapine brand name

Viramune

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82

NNTRI rilpivirine brand name

Edurant

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83

Protease Inhibitor atazanavir brand name

Reyataz

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84

Protease Inhibitor darunavir brand name

Prezista

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85

who cannot take darunavir

those with a sulfa allergy

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86

Protease Inhibitor lopinavir-ritonavir brand name

Kaletra

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87

Protease Inhibitor saquinavir brand name

Invirase **must be taken with ritonavir*

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88

Protease Inhibitor tipranavir brand name

Aptvus

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89

Fusion Inhibitor efuvirtide brand name

Fuzeon

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90

Chemokine coreceptor antagonist maraviroc brand name

Celsentri

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91

integrase inhibitor dolutegravir brand name

Tivicay

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92

integrase inhibitor elviregravir brand name

Vitekta

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93

integrase inhibitor raltegravir brand name

Isentress

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94

Combivir is a combination of what

Lamivudine-zidovudine

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95

Stribild is a combination of what

Elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir

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96

Truvada is a combination of what

Emtricitabine-tenofovir

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97

what is Andrographis used for

lessens influenza symptoms within 36-48 hours

*Interacts with anticoagulants, blood pressure and immunosuppressants

<p>lessens influenza symptoms within 36-48 hours</p><p>*<em>Interacts with anticoagulants, blood pressure and immunosuppressants </em></p>
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98

what is colloidal silver used for

topically and orally for infections

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99

what may elderberry used for

acts as a immune booster

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