Lecture Notes on Bonding and Structure

Flashcards about bonding and structure of materials.

Ionic bonding

Happens between metals and non-metals.

Covalent bonding

Happens between non-metals only.

Alloy

A mixture of a metal and one other element.

Graphene

Has a high melting point because each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds with 3 other carbon atoms which require a lot of energy to break.

Alloys

Are usually harder than pure metals because the impurities stop the layers from sliding over each other.

Ionic compounds

Solid ionic compounds have high melting points because of the strong electrostatic forces between the ions.

Graphene

Is strong because each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds with 3 other carbon atoms which require a lot of energy to break.

Metals

Are malleable because the layers of atoms can slide over each other freely.

Simple covalent molecules

Have low melting and boiling points because of the weak forces of attraction between molecules which don't require a lot of energy to break.

Ionic Compounds

Cannot conduct electricity because the ions are not free to move.

Covalent substances

Can't conduct electricity because there are no free ions or electrons.

Graphite

Can conduct electricity because it has free electrons. These electrons can move through the entire structure.

Graphite

Is soft because the layers can slide over each other as they are held together by weak forces.

Diamond

Has a high melting point because each carbon forms 4 covalent bonds with 4 other carbon atoms. These bonds require a lot of energy to break.

Graphene

Can conduct electricity because it has free electrons which can move through the whole structure.

Metallic bonding

Happens in metals only. The force of attraction between the electrons and the positive ions holds the metal together strongly.

Diamond and Graphite

Are made from the element Carbon.

Metals

Can conduct electricity and heat because they contain free electrons which can move through the whole structure.

Metals are Ductile

Because Layers can slide.

Graphite

Has a high melting point because each carbon forms 3 covalent bonds with 3 other carbon atoms. These require a lot of energy to break.

Diamond

Does not conduct electricity because it contains no free electrons to carry the current.

Metals

Are good conductors of heat because of strong metallic bonds.

Metals

Have high melting points because of strong metallic bonds