First Aid and CPR: Chapter 2 and 3

Emergency Actions Steps

Three basic steps you should take in any emergency: CHECK-CALL-CARE

List the three emergency action steps

• Check the scene and the person

• Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number

• Care for the person

What 5 senses are used for making observations

• Sight

• Feel

• Taste

• Smell

• Hear

What questions should you ask when trying to make sure a scene is safe for you and any bystanders?

• Is the Scene Safe?

• Is Immediate Danger Involved?

• What Happened?

• How Many People Are Involved?

• Are Bystanders Available to Help?

• What is Wrong with the Person?

List at least four instances provided in your textbook of when you should call emergency services

• When someone is unconsciousness or have an altered level of consciousness

• When there is an fire or explosion

• When someone has breathing problems

• Downed electrical wires

Once you have checked the scene and the person, and have made a decision about calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number, you may need to provide

Care

Abandonment

Ending the care of an injured or ill person without obtaining that person’s consent or without ensuring that someone with equal or greater training

Competence

The injured or ill person’s ability to understand the responder’s questions and the implications of the decisions made.

Direct contact transmission

Mode of transmission of pathogens that occurs through directly touching infected blood or bodily fluid, or other agents such as chemicals, drugs or toxins

Disease transmission

The passage of a disease from one person to another

Expressed consent

Permission to receive emergency care granted by a competent adult either verbally or nonverbally; also referred to as consent

Implied consent

Legal concept that assumes a person would consent to receive emergency care if he or she were physically able or old enough to do so

Indirect contact transmission

Mode of transmission of pathogens that occurs when a person touches objects that have the blood or body fluid of an infected person, and that infected blood or body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site

Personal protective equipment

The equipment and supplies that help prevent the responder from directly contacting infected materials; includes gloves, gowns, masks, shields and protective eyewear

Refusal of care

The declining of care by a competent person; a person has right to refuse the care of anyone who responds to an emergency scene

Standard precautions

Safety measures taken to prevent exposure to blood and body fluids when giving care to injured or ill persons; assumes that all body fluids, secretions and excretions (except sweat) are potentially infective

The disease process begins when a ________ enters the body

pathogen (e.g., a bacteria or virus)

Most ______ ________ are caused by bacteria and viruses

infectious disease

What are two examples of diseases caused by bacteria?

Bacterial meningtis and tetanus

The body’s ability to fight infection depends on its _________ system

immune

List the four steps to how a bloodborne pathogen spreads:

• A pathogen is present

• There is sufficient quantity of the pathogen present to cause disease

• The pathogen passes through the correct entry site (i.e., eyes, mouth and other mucous membranes or skin pierced or broken by cuts, abrasions, bites and sharp objects)

• A person is susceptible to the pathogens

List the steps of how to wash your hands correctly

• Wet hands with warm water

• Apply antimicrobial liquid soap to your hands

• Rub your hands vigorously for at least 15 seconds, covering all surfaces of the hands and fingers

• Rinse your hands with water

• Dry your hands thoroughly with a paper towel

• Turn off the faucet using the paper towel

List three examples of personal protective equipment

• gloves

• gowns

• shoe covers

What crietria must you do to obtain consent

• Identify yourself to the person

• Give your level of training

• Ask the person whether you may help

• Explain what you observe

• Explain what you plan to do

What are Good Samaritan Laws and what is the primary goal of having these laws in place?

Good Samaritan Laws: give legal protection from claims of negligence to people who willingly give emergency care to ill or injured persons without accepting anything in return

To protect a layperson from being sued and found finacially responsible for the person’s injury and to encourage people to help others in emergency situations

Walking Assist

Place the person’s arm across your shoulders and hold it in place with one hand. Support the person with your other hand around the person’s waist. With this, your body acts as a crutch supporting the person’s weight while you both walk.

Two-Person Carry

Requires a second responder. Put one arm behind the person’s thighs and the other across the person’s back. Interlock your arms with those of a second responder behind the person’s legs and across the person’s back. Lift the person in the “seat” formed by the responders’ arms.

Pack-Strap Carry

Have the person stand or have a second responder support the person (if the person is unconscious or cannot support themselves). Position yourself with your back to the person, back straight, knees bent, so that your shoulders fit into the person’s armpits. Cross the person’s arms in front of you and grasp the person’s wrists. Lean forward slight, and pull the person up and onto your back. Stand up and walk to safety.

Clothes Drag

Typically used with a person suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury (conscious and unconscious). Grasp the person’s clothing behind the neck, gathering enough to secure a firm grip. Using the clothing, pull the person (head-first) to safety. During the move, the person’s head is cradled by both clothing and the responder’s arms. Keep your back as straight as possible and bend your legs. This emergency move is exhausting.

Blanket Drag

Typically used in an emergency situation when equipment is limited (conscious or unconscious). Position a blanket next to the person. Keep the person between you and the blanket. Gather half of the blanket and place it against the person’s side. Be sure to leave about 2 feet of blanket above the person’s head and roll the person as a unit towards you. Reach over and place the blanket so that it is positioned under the person, then gently roll the person onto the blanket. Gather the blanket at the lead and move the person.

Ankle Drag

Use this to move a person who is too large to carry or move in any other way. Firmly grasp the person’s ankles and move backward. The person’s arms should be crossed on his/her chest. Pull the person in a straight line, being careful not to bump the person’s head. Do not use this assist if you suspect that the person has a head, neck or spinal injury.