3- animal reproduction and development

Dividing of an individual into two separate organisms

Fission

Outgrowth of a body region resulting in separation and a new organism.

Budding

Breaking a body into parts with regeneration of each part into a new organism

Ex: starfish

Fragmentation

Female has offspring without male fertilization

Parthenogenesis

What is the process of the Combination of reproductive cells (ova and

sperm) from two individuals to form a third individual

Sexual Reproduction

One individual has both male and female sex organs to reproduce on its own in limited environments

Hermaphroditism

How many PAIRS of chromosomes do humans have?

23 pairs, 46 in total

XX

XY

Female

Male

Combining ova and sperm

Fertilization

• External fertilization

Females release eggs

Males release sperm over it

Aquatic animals

Low survival rate

Internal fertilization

Fertilization inside of the female

High survival rate

What are the 3 types of internal fertilization?

-oviparous

-ovoviviparous

-viviparous

oviparous

Fertilized egg laid outside of female

Nutrients happens in the egg

All birds

Ovoviviparous

Fertilized Egg stays in the the female BUT gives no nutrients to the egg

Fully developed when hatched and released

Viviparous

Fertilized egg Development happens in mother and gets nutrients from placenta

Most mammals

What does the seminiferous tubules in men do?

Sperm development

What does the Testis?

Organ to produce sperm and hormones

What does the ovary do in women?

Carry or develop ova/egg

the process by which male gametes develop from germ cells in the testes, how sperm is made, takes place in tubules

Spermatogenesis

Where does sperm maturation occur?

Epididymis

why does one ova results from Oogenesis?

Only one becomes fully dominant and mature

What is the most important idea about the Spermatogenesis / Oogenesis process?

moves cells from diploid to haploid

acrosome

head of a sperm cell that penetrates ova, 23 chromosomes only

where does the sperm bind to?

corona radiata

What structure fuse with cytoplasmic
membrane and release Granules causing glycoproteins to
fuse making a hard shell – no other sperm can penetrate

cortical granules

Conception process?

-Blastocyst and implantation

-Cleavage/cell division… goes through fallopian tube

-Fertilization

-Ovulation

Where does fertilization usually occur?

Fallopian tube

What is a zygote?

fusion of ova/egg and sperm

What is a hallow ball of cells called?

Blastula

What is the formation of multiple layers of cells in zygote called?

gastrulation

Gastrulation results in the formation of_____,_______,______ from which organ systems develop

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

What develops into a MOUTH

and the gut forms the anus? 1st mouth

Protostomes

What develops into an anal opening

and the gut forms the mouth? second mouth

Deuterostomes

what is an example of positive feedback?

oxytocin during birthing process

How the placenta works?

Fetus gets nutrients and oxygen through placenta from mom and extracts wastes from baby’s blood. Mom does not pump blood to the baby!!!! Baby has CLOSED - circulatory system.